Seismic reflection characteristics and formation mechanism of Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Xisha Islands

ZHOU Jinyang; XING Lei; DONG Dongdong; GAO Jinwei

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024110201

Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology > 2025 > Corrected proof > DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024110201

ZHOU Jinyang，XING Lei，DONG Dongdong，et al. Seismic reflection characteristics and formation mechanism of Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Xisha Islands[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology，xxxx，x(x)： x-xx. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024110201

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Seismic reflection characteristics and formation mechanism of Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Xisha Islands

ZHOU Jinyang^{1, 2,},
XING Lei^{1, 3, 4, ,},
DONG Dongdong⁵,
GAO Jinwei⁶

1.
College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Lusheng Oil Production Company, Shengli Oilfield, Dongying 257000, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geophysical Prospecting Technology of Qingdao, Qingdao 266100, China
4.
National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Beijing 100029, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
6.
Laboratory of Marine Geophysics and Georesources, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China

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Received Date: November 01, 2024
Revised Date: January 06, 2025
Accepted Date: January 06, 2025
Available Online: March 18, 2025

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Abstract

Abstract

Magmatic activities are well developed in the northwestern South China Sea since the Cenozoic, which record important information on the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea and its deep dynamic processes. However, the studies of geophysical characteristics of the Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Xisha Islands of the northwestern South China Sea are still poor. Through analyzing seismic profiles and previous geological and geophysical results, we identified the seismic reflection characteristics and geometries of the igneous rocks, specified their distribution and active periods, and discussed their formation mechanisms. Results show that a large number of Cenozoic igneous rocks have developed in the Xisha Islands. These rocks are primarily consists of conical volcanoes and magmatic intrusives as well as abundant igneous sills, layered or bowl-shaped, and are more widely distributed in the western part and its outer edges of the islands region than those in the eastern part, along mostly the basement faults. According to the contact relationships between strata and igneous rocks, the Cenozoic igneous activities in the study region could be divided into five periods, i.e., the syn-rift period (before 23 Ma), post-rift period Ⅰ (23～16 Ma), post-rift period Ⅱ (16～5.3 Ma), post-rift period Ⅲ (5.3～2.6 Ma), and post-rift period Ⅳ (after 2.6 Ma). The magmatism in the syn-rift period was very weak and probably derived from the decompression melting of the asthenosphere during the rifting, while in the post-rift Ⅲ and Ⅳ periods were very intensive. We proposed that the significant igneous activities since the Pliocene in the Xisha region was probably cause by the interaction of the strike-slip reversal of the Ailao Shan-Red River fault zone and its seaward extension into the sea at ca. 5.5 Ma and the deep mantle upwelling during the post-rift period.

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Seismic reflection characteristics and formation mechanism of Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Xisha Islands