THE RECENT PROGRESS OF SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL BIOMINERALIZATION
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摘要: 现代洋底热液喷口系统的微生物成矿研究进展是地球自身发展、生命演化、洋底下的生物圈层以及天文微生物探索工作得以有效开展的重要保障。近10余年来,随着微电子和分子生物学技术的发展,热液系统微生物成矿研究得以拓展和深入,逐渐成为地质微生物学研究的一个热点领域。当前在全球的热液喷口系统已经发现微生物在包括Fe、Mn、S、Si的氧化物以及硅酸盐矿物的形成过程中起到了重要甚至关键性的作用,同时热液喷口系统依赖于无机化能代谢活动存在的微生物的矿化成为人们理解生命形式与无机地球相互作用历史的最关键的证据之一,已经从根本上补充甚至修正了生命科学与地球演化的一些核心观点。总结了近年来热液喷口系统微生物成矿研究的最新进展,论述了该环境中微生物成矿的机制和类型,探讨了微生物和部分矿物之间的相互作用以及现代热液微生物成矿研究的地质意义,以期加深人们对热液喷口微生物成矿过程的理解与重视。Abstract: The study of biomineralization in modern hydrothermal vent system is one of the keys to the research and the exploring of the early history of the earth, the evolution of life, the subsurface biosphere and the study of terrestrial planets (such as the Mar). It has in the past decade become one of the focuses of geobiological research with the application of the microelectronic technology and molecular biology technology. Available information indicates that microorganisms play a critical role in the formation of oxyhydroxides (for instance, Fe, Mn, S or Si oxyhydroxide) and silicates in the hydrothermal systems of the earth. Furthermore, the biomineralization of modern chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms has been identified to be the nexus of the interaction between the geoshpere and the biosphere and one of the forces to push forward the in-depth study of bioscience and geosciences In this paper, we summarized the ongoing research of hydrothermal bionmieralzaiton, including the biogenic minerals, the microbial biodiversity and the interactions between the minerals and microorganisms. In the foreseeable future, the research of hydrothermal biomineralization will inspire both the development of geosciences and biosciences and deepen our understanding of the earth history, life evolution and even astrobiology.
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