Geochemical characteristics and paleoenvironmental implications of major elements in sediments from the continental slope of the Ross Sea, Antarctica since late Pleistocene
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摘要: 基于中国第32次南极科学考察在罗斯海外陆坡扇区获取的ANT32-RA05C岩芯，开展常量元素地球化学研究，探讨地球化学特征及其古环境意义。结果表明，ANT32-RA05C岩芯以分选差的混合冰海沉积物为主，含有大量的冰筏碎屑（平均29.76%），并含有一定量生物硅（平均4.81%）。化学元素定量测试表明，沉积物常量元素配分模式为SiO2＞Al2O3＞Fe2O3＞Na2O＞K2O＞MgO＞CaO＞TiO2＞P2O5＞MnO，其中含量最高的常量元素为Si，主要来源于陆源碎屑（石英）和硅质生物沉积（生物硅）。对比XRF元素连续扫描与定量测试结果发现，Si、Ca等相关性较高，可用作高分辨率环境研究。结合环境指标研究发现，晚更新世MIS 7末期以来，常量元素含量变化与南极气候具有良好的对应关系，主要反映了气候对物源和环境的控制，气候转暖通常对应于冰山和初级生产力输入增强，气候转冷对应于冰山和初级生产力输入受限。该岩芯对重建罗斯海古气候演变，深化对罗斯海古环境认识有重要意义。Abstract: Based on the ANT32-RA05C sediment core obtained from the Ross Sea continental slope sector during the 32nd Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, major-element geochemistry, the geochemical characteristics, and their paleoenvironmental implications were analyzed. Results show that the ANT32-RA05C core is dominated by poorly-sorted compound glacial-marine sediment, containing a large amount of ice-rafted debris (average 29.76%) and a certain amount of biogenic silica (average 4.81%). Quantitative analysis of elements shows that the distribution pattern of major elements in core follows SiO2＞Al2O3＞Fe2O3＞Na2O＞K2O＞MgO＞CaO＞TiO2＞P2O5＞MnO. Clearly, the most abundant major element is Si, coming mainly from terrigenous debris (quartz) and siliceous biogenic deposit (biogenic silica). Data of Si and Ca XRF element scanning show good correlation with quantitative analysis results thus could be used for high-resolution environmental research. Combining with environmental indicators, we found that the changes in element content have a good relationship with the Antarctic climate since the end of MIS 7 of late Pleistocene, reflecting mainly the control of climate on provenance and environment. A warming climate usually causes enhanced iceberg inputs and primary productivity, and vice versa in a cooling climate. This study provides a valuable information to reconstruct the paleoclimate and understand the climate evolution of the Ross Sea in the Antarctic region.
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图 4 部分常量元素XRF扫描强度深度剖面
Figure 4. Changes in XRF element scanning intensity of major elements with depth
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图 5 常量元素XRF扫描强度与定量测试相关散点图
Figure 5. Relationship between XRF element scanning intensity and quantitative element measurement
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图 6 部分常量元素及BSi、IRD相关散点图
Figure 6. Relationship of some major elements with BSi and IRD
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图 7 化学元素及环境指标年代剖面对比
Figure 7. Comparison in variations of elements and environmental proxies
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图 8 气候变化与冰山、初级生产力输入关系示意图
间冰期：气温升高，冰山崩塌，冰架和海冰规模减小，初级生产力繁盛；冰期：气温降低，冰架和海冰规模扩大，冰架稳定，初级生产力受限。
Figure 8. Relationship of climate change with icebergs and primary productivity inputs
In interglacial periods, air temperature rises, icebergs collapse and melt, ice shelves and sea ice shrink, and primary productivity flourishes; In glacial periods, air temperature decreases, ice shelves and sea ice expand and remain stable, and primary productivity is restricted.
表 1 岩芯粒度参数、冰筏碎屑和生物硅含量
Table 1 Statistics of grain size parameters, IRD, and BSi contents
平均粒径/Φ 分选系数 IRD＞63 μm/% IRD 63～250 μm/% IRD＞250 μm/% BSi/% 最小值 4.35 1.33 1.15 0.57 0.28 1.32 最大值 8.20 2.65 59.96 25.34 51.49 6.79 平均值 6.23 2.04 29.76 12.01 17.75 4.81 标准偏差 0.33 0.33 9.66 3.80 7.75 1.15 
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表 2 岩芯常量元素含量
Table 2 Statistics of major elements contents in core
% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Na2O K2O MgO CaO TiO2 P2O5 MnO 最小值 55.65 10.21 3.75 2.30 2.30 1.87 0.97 0.48 0.12 0.05 最大值 69.26 15.16 7.41 3.14 3.08 2.97 2.47 0.84 0.21 0.30 平均值 66.89 11.21 4.26 2.58 2.49 2.11 2.09 0.55 0.14 0.07 标准偏差 2.40 0.99 0.62 0.18 0.15 0.20 0.35 0.07 0.02 0.04
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