MINEROGENESIS AND MODE OF POLYMETALLIC NODULES IN THE OCEAN

In the metallogenetic convergence field, the metallogenesis and growth environment is considered as a core to be described and calculated in various aspects. The results indicate that at the bottom of the ocean close to the interface of the sediments are formed the metalliferous barrier, the alkaline barrier and the oxidized ore barrier as a barrier group and mineral settling-out zone. Metallogenetic elements in the solution state such as Mn, Cu, Ni and Co all present low valence with the exception of Fe in high valence. The settling-out minerals are hematite, goethite, quartz, silicate and carbonate at the bottom of the ocean. The metallogenetic solution is rich in colloid and particles of Mn and Fe which are about 100 to 1000 times higher than that of the solution. The content of Cu, Ni and Co increases in majority. The top sediments at the bottom present light yellow, yellowish brown and brown series, and the metallogenetic solution is in low temperature, weak alkaline and strong oxide environment due to the oxygen-supplying bottom Antarctic current. The dynamic modeling of the metallogenic accumulation and separate conditions indicate that the oxidation, colloid chemical and biological reactions are the chains to produce nodules. The conclusion is that the metallogenetic mode is the exogenetic suboceanic separation affected by colloid chemical majority with physical-chemical and biological reactions in the compound zone of the suboceanic barrier group and separate conditions.