Distribution and enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and nutrient elements in surface sediment of Shenzhen Bay

GAN Huayang; LIN Hai; HE Haijun

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024030101

Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology > 2025 > 45(1): 42-52. > DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024030101

GAN Huayang，LIN Hai，HE Haijun. Distribution and enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and nutrient elements in surface sediment of Shenzhen Bay[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology，2025，45(1)：42-52. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2024030101

Citation:

PDF (1317 KB)

Distribution and enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and nutrient elements in surface sediment of Shenzhen Bay

GAN Huayang^{1, 2,},
LIN Hai¹,
HE Haijun¹

1.
Institute of Marine Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 511458, China

More Information

Received Date: February 29, 2024
Revised Date: April 20, 2024
Accepted Date: April 20, 2024
Available Online: June 02, 2024

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

The characteristics of content, spatial distribution, enrichment, source, and ecological risk for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nitrogen (N), phosphorus P), and organic carbon (OC) in surface sediment of Shenzhen Bay (Shenzhen, Guangdong, South China) were studied based on sediment samples obtained in 2020. The contents of As, Cd, Hg, TN (total N), TP (total P), and TOC (total OC) in the surface sediment of Shenzhen Bay were 16.46±3.78 μg/g, 0.26±0.10 μg/g, 0.110±0.044 μg/g, 947±281 μg/g, 631±214 μg/g, and 1.41%±0.41%, respectively. The contents of three heavy metals are relatively high outside the Shenzhen River estuary and along the coast of the Shekou Port. The contents of TN, TP, and TOC are relatively high in the inner bay. The inputs of human activities such as pollution discharges lead to the enrichments of TN, TP, As, and Cd in surface sediment. TN was enriched significantly throughout the entire bay, while other three elements were mainly enriched in the Shenzhen River estuary, the northern coast of inner bay and port area in the bay mouth. As and Cd might come from mainly vessel discharge, while TN and TP derived probably from coastal domestic sewage. The contents of As, Cd, Hg, and TOC in surface sediment were lower than China’s national Class 1 benchmark thresholds for sediment within most of the Shenzhen Bay, which means they could meet the current environment functional requirements for general industrial water use and coastal scenic tourism. However, As, TN, TOC and TP shall be paid with continuous attention as they may pose negative impacts on some sensitive benthos.
- heavy metal,
- nutrient element,
- surface sediment,
- ecological risk,
- Shenzhen Bay

FullText(HTML)

References (43)

References

[1]	Liu W, Lu G, Wang W X. In situ high-resolution two-dimensional profiles of redox sensitive metal mobility in sediment-water interface and porewater from estuarine sediments[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 820:153034. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153034
[2]	梁志宏, 陈秀洪, 罗欢, 等. 深圳湾水质时空分布特征及污染源解析[J]. 水资源保护, 2020, 36(4):93-99 doi: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.015 LIANG Zhihong, CHEN Xiuhong, LUO Huan, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of water quality in Shenzhen Bay and pollution source analysis[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2020, 36(4):93-99.] doi: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.015
[3]	程鹏, 李明远, 楼凯, 等. 深圳河湾流域溢流污染规律及其对海湾水质的影响[J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2021, 57(1):132-142 CHENG Peng, LI Mingyuan, LOU Kai, et al. Impact of overflow pollution on water quality in Shenzhen Bay[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2021, 57(1):132-142.]
[4]	赵晨辰, 张世彦, 毛献忠. 深圳湾流域TN和TP入海年通量变化规律研究[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(11):4111-4117 ZHAO Chenchen, ZHANG Shiyan, MAO Xianzhong. Variations of annual load of TN and TP in the Deep Bay watershed, Shenzhen[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(11):4111-4117.]
[5]	杨美兰, 陆超华. 深圳湾表层沉积中重金属分布[J]. 台湾海峡, 1992, 11(3):192-196 YANG Meilan, LU Chaohua. Heavy metals in surface sediments of Shenzhen Bay[J]. Journal of Oceanogaphy in Taiwan Strait, 1992, 11(3):192-196.]
[6]	Che R G O. Concentration of 7 heavy metals in sediments and mangrove root samples from Mai Po, Hong Kong[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1999, 39(1-12):269-279. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00056-9
[7]	Liu W X, Li X, Li Y, et al. Characteristics of metal enrichment in Deep Bay, Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2004, 16(1):9-12.
[8]	杨丽, 蔡立哲, 童玉贵, 等. 深圳湾福田潮滩重金属含量及对大型底栖动物的影响[J]. 台湾海峡, 2005, 24(2):157-164 YANG Li, CAI Lizhe, TONG Yugui, et al. Heavy metal contents on Futian tidal flat in Shenzhen Bay and their efect on macrobenthos[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2005, 24(2):157-164.]
[9]	左平, 汪亚平, 程珺, 等. 深圳湾海域表层和柱样沉积物中的重金属分布特征[J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 2008, 30(4):71-79 ZUO Ping, WANG Yaping, CHENG Jun, et al. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments and core sediments of the Shenzhen Bay in Guangdong province, China[J]. Acta Oceanolo Gica Sinica, 2008, 30(4):71-79.]
[10]	戴纪翠, 高晓薇, 倪晋仁, 等. 深圳近海海域沉积物重金属污染状况评价[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2010, 29(1):85-90 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2010.01.013 DAI Jicui, GAO Xiaowei, NI Jinren, et al. Evaluation of heavy-metal pollution in Shenzhen coastal sediments[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2010, 29(1):85-90.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2010.01.013
[11]	唐得昊, 刘兴健, 邹欣庆. 海湾表层沉积物重金属污染与潜在生态危害评价--以深圳湾为例[J]. 环境化学, 2014, 33(8): 1294-1300 TANG Dehao, LIU Xingjian, ZOU Xinqing. Heavy metals pollution and their potential ecological risk assessment in the surface sediment from Shenzhen Bay [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(8): 1294-1300.]
[12]	时运红, 李明远, 李波, 等. 深圳湾沉积物重金属污染时空分布特征[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2017, 36(2):186-191 SHI Yunhong, LI Mingyuan, LI Bo, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in the sediment of Shenzhen Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2017, 36(2):186-191.]
[13]	黄小平, 李向东, 岳维忠. 深圳湾沉积物中重金属污染累积过程[J]. 环境科学, 2003, 24(4):145-147 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2003.04.029 HUANG Xiaoping, LI Xiangdong, YUE Weizhong et al. Accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Shenzhen Bay, South China[J]. Environmental Science, 2003, 24(4):145-147.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2003.04.029
[14]	雷远达, 燕鸿宇, 钟彩英, 等. 沉积物记录揭示的深圳湾红树林生态系统稳态转变[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(23):8539-8548 LEI Yuanda, YAN Hongyu, ZHONG Caiying, et al. Regime shift recorded by sediments from the Futian mangrove ecosystem in the Shenzhen Bay[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(23):8539-8548.]
[15]	方圆, 赵智杰, 孙卫玲, 等. 深圳湾潮间带湿地沉积物的重金属分布特征[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2000, 8(4):343-353 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2000.04.002 FANG Yuan, ZHA0 Zhijie, SUN Weiling, et al. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in inter-tidal wetlands of Deep Bay, Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2000, 8(4):343-353.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2000.04.002
[16]	刘文新, 李向东. 深圳湾水域中重金属在不同相间的分布特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2002, 22(3):305-309 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2002.03.007 LIU Wenxin, LI Xiangdong. Distribution of heavy metals among various phases in Shenzhen Bay[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2002, 22(3):305-309.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2002.03.007
[17]	施玉珍, 张际标, 李雪英, 等. 深圳湾海域沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物与重金属生态风险评价[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2012, 31(4):492-495 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2012.04.007 SHI Yuzhen, ZHANG Jibiao, LI Xueying, et al. Assessment on ecological risk of acid-volatile sulfide and trace metals in marine sediment of Shenzhen Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2012, 31(4):492-495.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2012.04.007
[18]	许春玲, 李绪录, 林梵. 深圳湾及邻近沿岸沉积物中碳、氮和磷的分布[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(7):2691-2698 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2017.07.034 XU Chunling, LI Xulu, LIN Fan. Distributions of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface sediments of the Shenzhen Bay and adjacent coastal area[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(7):2691-2698.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2017.07.034
[19]	乔永民, 谭键滨, 马舒欣, 等. 深圳红树林湿地沉积物氮磷分布与来源分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018, 41(2):34-40 QIAO Yongmin, TAN Jianbin, MA Shuxin, et al. The distribution pattern and sources analysis for nitrogen and phosphorus in core sediment of Shenzhen mangrove wetland[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 41(2):34-40.]
[20]	喻一, 宋芳, 赵志杰, 等. 深圳河河口近10年典型污染物通量变化研究[J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2020, 56(3):460-470 YU Yi, SONG Fang, ZHAO Zhijie, et al. A study of pollutant loads variations in Shenzhen River estuary in recent decade[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2020, 56(3):460-470.]
[21]	王富永, 吴良冰, 何勇, 等. 深圳湾河床演变及其对湿地生态系统的影响[J]. 人民珠江, 2009, 30(5):16-19 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2009.05.005 WANG Fuyong, WU Liangbing, HE Yong, et al. River bed evolution in Shenzhen Bay and its effects on wetland ecological system[J]. Pearl River, 2009, 30(5):16-19.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2009.05.005
[22]	刘杏玲, 赵焕庭, 郑德延, 等. 深圳湾的演变与开发利用[J]. 热带海洋, 1988(1):50-58 LIU Xiongling, ZHAO Huanting, ZHENG Deyan, et al. The evolution and development -utilization of Shenzhen Bay[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1988(1):50-58.]
[23]	张静, 孙省利, 林建国, 等. 深圳湾海域环境容量及污染总量控制研究——I. 潮汐、潮流数值模拟[J]. 海洋通报, 2010, 29(1):22-28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2010.01.004 ZHANG Jing, SUN Xing, LIN Jianguo, et al. Study on environmental capacity and pollution total quantity control of Shenzhen Bay I. Numerical simulation of tide and tidal current[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2010, 29(1):22-28.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2010.01.004
[24]	孟江山, 张功瑾. 深圳河径流量对深圳湾水体交换影响数值模拟研究[J]. 中国水运, 2017, 38(3):57-59 MENG Jiangshan, ZHANG Gongjin. Numerical simulation of the effect of Shenzhen River runoff on water exchange in Shenzhen Bay[J]. China Water Transport, 2017, 38(3):57-59.]
[25]	洪宇, 周余义, 沈少青, 等. 基于遥感与GIS技术的深圳市1979-2014年填海动态变化及其影响因素分析[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2016, 33(3):89-93 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9857.2016.03.018 HONG Yu, ZHOU Yuyi, SHEN Shaoqing, et al. On dynamic changes of reclamation and its causes in Shenzhen during 1979 and 2014 based on remote sensing and GIS technology[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2016, 33(3):89-93.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9857.2016.03.018
[26]	GB 18668-2002. 海洋沉积物质量[S] GB 18668-2002. Marine sediment quality [S].]
[27]	Ministry of the Environment Ontario, Canada. Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario [R]. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, the Ministry of the Environment, 1993: 1-3.
[28]	王越兴, 尹魁浩, 彭盛华, 等. 深圳市河流底泥重金属的污染现状及生态风险评价[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2011, 28(10):76-77 WANG Yuexing, YIN Kuihao, PENG Shenghua, et al. Heavy metal pollution status and ecological risk assessment of river sediment in Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2011, 28(10):76-77.]
[29]	周凯, 李绪录, 夏华永, 等. 大鹏湾中表层沉积物的有害要素及其环境质量[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2011, 30(2):172-176 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2011.02.005 ZHOU Kai, LI Xulu, XIA Huayong, et al. Harmful parameters and environmental quality in surface sediment of Mirs Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2011, 30(2):172-176.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2011.02.005
[30]	甘华阳, 梁开, 郑志昌. 珠江口表层沉积物中微量元素地球化学[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2010, 30(4):131-139 GAN Huayang, LIANG Kai, ZHENG Zhichang. Trace elements geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments of Pearl River estuary[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2010, 30(4):131-139.]
[31]	赵一阳, 鄢明才. 中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994: 107-167 ZHAO Yiyang, YAN Mingcai. Sedimentary geochemistry of shallow sea in China [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994: 107-167.]
[32]	丘耀文, 颜文, 王肇鼎, 等. 大亚湾海水、沉积物和生物体中重金属分布及其生态危害[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2005, 24(5):69-76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2005.05.008 QIU Yaowen, YAN Wen, WANG Zhaoding, et al. Distribution of heavy metals in seawater, sediments and organisms at Daya Bay and their ecological harm[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2005, 24(5):69-76.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2005.05.008
[33]	Wang Z, Feng J, Jiang T, et al. Assessment of metal contamination in surface sediments from Zhelin Bay, the South China Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013, 76(1/2):383-388.
[34]	Wang S, Xu X, Sun Y, et al. Heavy metal pollution in coastal areas of South China: A review[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013, 76(1/2):7-15.
[35]	Ki Y C, Suk H K, Gi H H, et al. Distributions of heavy metals in the sediments of South Korean harbors[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2012, 34(S1):71-82. doi: 10.1007/s10653-011-9413-3
[36]	岳维忠, 黄小平, 孙翠慈. 珠江口表层沉积物中氮、磷的形态分布特征及污染评价[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2007, 38(2):111-117 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2007.02.003 YUE Weizhong, HUANG Xiaoping, SUN Cuici. Distribution and pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface sediments from the Pearl River estuary[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2007, 38(2):111-117.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2007.02.003
[37]	Dang D H, Lenoble V, Durrieu G, et al. Seasonal variations of coastal sedimentary trace metals cycling: Insight on the effect of manganese and iron (oxy)hydroxides, sulphide and organic matter[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 92(1/2):113-124.
[38]	佟长江, 何广海. 深圳河口及深圳湾内湾底泥污染性状分析[J]. 资源环境与工程, 2016, 30(3):445-449 TONG Changjiang, HE Guanghai. Anaysis of pollution characteristics of sediment pollution in Shenzhen River and Shenzhen Bay[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering, 2016, 30(3):445-449.]
[39]	Metzger E, Simonucci C, Viollier E, et al. Benthic response to shellfish farming in Thau lagoon: Pore water signature[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2007, 72(3):406-419. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.11.011
[40]	Muller A, Mathesius U. The palaeoenvironments of coastal lagoons in the southern Baltic Sea, I. The application of sedimentary Corg/N ratios as source indicators of organic matter[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1999, 145(1-3):1-16. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00094-7
[41]	Andrews J E, Greenaway A M, Dennis P F. Combined carbon isotope and C/N ratios as indicators of source and fate of organic matter in a poorly flushed, tropical estuary: Hunts Bay, Kingston Harbour, Jamaica[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1998, 46:743-756. doi: 10.1006/ecss.1997.0305
[42]	Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8):975-1001. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
[43]	吴斌, 宋金明, 李学刚, 等. 一致性沉积物质量基准(CBSQGs)及其在近海沉积物环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(11):1949-1956 WU Bin, SONG Jinming, LI Xuegang, et al. Consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (CBSQGs) and its application in coastal sediment quality assessment[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(11):1949-1956.]

[1]	ZHOU Ping, SUN Peng, LIU Chunfeng, XIONG Zhiwu. On time-space matching of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Yuquan Structure, Xihu Sag[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2024, 44(1): 121-129. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2023031301
[2]	ZHANG Shanghu, HUANG Jianjun, LI Kun, WAN Lifen, ZHUANG Jianjian, WANG Danping, WANG Xiuping, JIANG Cen. The model of compound traps development and controlling factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in Kongqueting area of the Xihu Sag[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2023, 43(1): 128-137. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2022051001
[3]	LIU Feng, HUANG Suwei, YANG Pengcheng, ZHANG Chuanyun. Characteristics of gas reservoir and controlling factors for gas accumulation in the Huagang Formation in Y Structure, Xihu Sag[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2021, 41(6): 174-182. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021080401
[4]	WANG Chao, TANG Xianjun, JIANG Yiming, HE Xinjian, TAN Sizhe. Characteristics of the structural transfer zone of northern Tiantai slope in Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Basin and their petroleum geological significances[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(6): 93-105. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020030201
[5]	HU Mengying, LI Sanzhong, DAI Liming, SUO Yanhui, GUO Lingli, LIU Ze, MA Fangfang, TAO Jianli. NUMERICAL DYNAMIC MODELING OF TECTONIC INVERSION IN THE NORTHEASTERN XIHU SAG[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2017, 37(4): 151-166. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2017.04.010
[6]	ZHANG Shaoliang, ZHANG Jianpei, TANG Xianjun, ZHANG Tian. GEOMETRY CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FAULT SYSTEM IN XIHU SAG IN EAST CHINA SEA AND ITS FORMATION MECHANISM[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2014, 34(1): 87-94. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2014.01087
[7]	ZHANG Minqiang, XU Fa, ZHANG Jianpei, ZHANG Tian. STRUCTURAL PATTERN DURING THE RIFTING STAGE OF THE XIHU SAG AND ITS CONTROL OF SEDIMENT INFILLING[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2011, 31(5): 67-72. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.05067
[8]	ZHAO Fengmei, LI Sanzhong, SUO Yanhui, ZHOU Juntai, DAI Liming, JIAO Qian, WU Qi, XU Lei, ZHANG Jianpei. EXTENSIONAL AND COMPRESSIVE RATIOS AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE XIHU AND DIAOBEI SAGS[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2010, 30(6): 59-65. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2010.06059
[9]	MENG Xiang-jun, ZHANG Xuw-hua, LIU Zhan, YAO Chang-xin. THE BASEMENT STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NORTH XIHU SAG IN EAST CHINA SEA[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2008, 28(2): 61-64.
[10]	YU Chao-feng, CHEN Jian-wen, DU Yuan-sheng, ZHANG Yin-guo. DIVISION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF PINGHU FORMATION IN XIHU SAG IN EAST CHINA SEA[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(5): 85-90.