A genetic and evolutionary model for the Pliocene granular limestone reef in the Madura Strait Basin, Indonesia

Granular limestone reefs in an east-west direction are well developed on the outer shelf platform along the northern margin of the Madura Strait Basin, Indonesia. The reefs were formed by foraminifera shells during the compression and inversion period of early Pliocene in this region. Because of their specific origin, the petrological characteristics and seismic reflection attributes are obviously different from the surrounding rocks. These differences make it possible to identify reefs from others with seismic interpretation and seismic attribute extraction technology. For example, the reefs are often in a symmetrical hilly shape in seismic profiles, with inclined fore-reef reflection, disordered reflection and discontinuous strong reflections etc. This paper is devoted to the deposits of Pliocene Mundu Formation in the Madura Strait Basin mainly consisting of coccidian fossils from the drilling hole of Well O-2. It starts from the geological background of the region. An introduction is made to the Cenozoic tectonics and stratigraphic sequences of the basin. Through horizon calibration and three-dimensional seismic interpretation with seismic attribute extraction technology, and considering the development history and environmental patterns of the reefs, the spatial distribution of the granular coccidia limestone reefs in the basin is finally described. The study of the basin history suggests that the inverted fault zone activity is an important factor to control the reef growth in the study area. Upon the basis of this, a reef development model of the Madura Strait Basin is summarized.