Research and development of a dynamic temperature and stress monitoring probe for hydrate reservoirs based on fiber optic sensing technology
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摘要:
水合物生成与分解以及加载变形下含水合物沉积物内部的温度、应力变化规律对破解水合物储层失稳破坏的演化机制至关重要。为了监测含水合物沉积物内部温度、应力在水合物生成、分解、变形等全过程中的演化机制，本文提出一种基于光纤传感技术的含水合物沉积物温度、应力监测方案，并研制了集温度、应力监测于一体的光纤探头，实现了从沉积物装样到水合物合成到加载变形，再到水合物分解过程中试样温度和应力的监测。与常规热电阻温度传感器和加载压力传感器监测数据初步对比表明，二者具有一致的变化趋势。但在数值上存在一定差异，分析认为是储层的非均质性、应力加载端与光纤感测端的距离变化共同导致。整体而言，光纤感测探头可以较好地捕捉因水合物合成产生的挤压应力升高与水合物分解过程中含水合物沉积物水平应力的降低。
Abstract:Studying the changes in temperature and stress of hydrate-bearing sediment (HBS) during hydrate growth, decomposition, and deformation is crucial for understanding the destabilization mechanism of hydrate reservoir. To monitor the changes of internal temperature and stress in HBS during these processes, we proposed a temperature and stress monitoring scheme for HBS based on fiber-optic sensing technology, for which an optical fiber monitoring probe was designed. The feasibility and precision of the probe in the temperature and stress of HBS were compared with those of conventional sensors. Additionally, the changes of horizontal stress of HBS during hydrate formation and dissociation were effectively monitored by the optical fiber sensor. Experimental results show that the stress and temperature obtained by fiber-optic probe exhibit similar trends to those obtained with conventional sensors. However, some differences were observed due mainly to the heterogeneity of the HBS and the distance between the loading point and the sensing point. Overall, the fiber optic probe could better capture the increase in compressive stress caused by hydrate formation and the decrease in horizontal stress of hydrate-bearing sediments during hydrate decomposition.
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Keywords:
- natural gas hydrate /
- optical fiber sensing /
- geomechanics /
- reservoir stability /
- multistep loading
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图 1 光纤光栅传感原理示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the sensing principle of fiber Bragg grating
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图 3 光纤温度、压力监测探头结构示意图
Figure 3. Schematic of the structure of the temperature and pressure monitoring probe based on fiber-optic technology
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图 4 反应釜内各测试探头布局示意（a）及实物照片（b）
Figure 4. Layout of the testing probes in the chamber and the photo
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图 6 光纤温度、应力标定曲线
a：光波波长与温度标定的关系曲线，b：光波波长与应力标定的关系曲线。
Figure 6. Calibration curves of temperature and stress of the fiber-optic probe
Fitting curve of the optical wavelength versus temperature (a) and the stress (b).
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图 7 含水细砂沉积物加载过程中的温度（a）和应力（b）变化曲线
Figure 7. Curves of temperature (left) and stress (right) versus the time of water-bearing fine sand loading
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图 8 含水细砂沉积物装样压实过程中的温度（a）和应力（b）监测曲线
Figure 8. Temperature (a) and stress (b) monitoring curves of water-bearing fine sand loading and compaction
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图 9 含水合物细砂沉积物在水合物合成阶段温度（a）和应力（b）监测曲线
Figure 9. Temperature (a) and stress (a) monitoring curves of hydrate-bearing sediments during hydrate formation
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图 10 加载过程中的含水合物细砂沉积物温度（a）和应力（b）监测曲线
图中灰蓝色阴影部分为加载阶段。
Figure 10. Temperature (a) and stress (b) monitoring curves of hydrate-bearing fine sand sediment loading
The shaded part represents the loading stage.
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图 11 卸载下监测的含水合物细砂沉积物的温度（a）和应力（b）变化曲线
Figure 11. Temperature (a) and stress (b) curves during hydrate-bearing fine sand sediment unloading
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图 12 含水合物细砂沉积物在水合物分解时储层内部温度（a）和压力（b）变化曲线
Figure 12. Temperature (a) and internal pressure (b) curves of hydrate-bearing fine sand sediments during hydrate decomposition
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图 14 不同变形阶段下含水合物沉积物的变形机制与光纤探头受力变化机制示意图
图中pz为旁压内液体压力，p为沉积物孔隙压力，σ为沉积物所受的有效应力。
Figure 14. Deformation mechanism of hydrate-bearing sediments at different stages of hydrate formation (a), stress applying (b), and hydrate decomposition (c), and the stress variation of the optical fiber probe
pz, p, and σ denote the liquid pressure of the pressure meter, pore pressure of hydrate-bearing sediment, and effective stress of hydrate-bearing sediment, respectively.
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