Review of organic carbon source and burial in polar fjords
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摘要: 峡湾是开阔海洋与陆地生态系统重要的连接区域，在全球气候变化的背景下，峡湾的生物地球化学过程正发生剧烈的变化。峡湾的特殊地形以及生物地球化学特性使其成为有机碳埋藏和储存的重要区域。研究表明，全球峡湾的平均有机碳累积速率高达54 gC·m−2·a−1，有机碳埋藏量为18×1012 gC·a−1，约占全球海洋有机碳埋藏量的11%，有巨大的储碳潜力。极地峡湾由于存在冰川作用，其沉积有机碳的输入、迁移转化和埋藏呈现与温带峡湾不同的特征。极地峡湾湾内以及各峡湾之间的沉积有机碳来源、组成和累积、埋藏速率均存在空间差异，湾内表现为由峡湾前端向湾口方向的梯度变化；各峡湾之间表现为有冰川的峡湾比无冰川的峡湾有更高的碳累积速率；沉积有机碳组成差异受到淡水和海水输入的影响。厘清峡湾沉积有机碳的来源对认识峡湾有机碳埋藏至关重要，通过测定总有机碳及单体化合物放射性碳同位素可实现对不同来源有机碳的定量估算。全球变暖使冰川快速消融，导致极地峡湾表现出不同的有机碳累积或埋藏特征，而在全球碳循环中，极地峡湾捕获和埋藏有机碳的能力是否能适应全球气候变化变得愈发重要。Abstract: Fjords are an important interface between the open ocean and terrestrial ecosystems. In the context of global climate change, the biogeochemical processes in fjords are undergoing dramatic changes. The special topography and biogeochemical properties of fjord make it an important ecosystem for organic carbon (OC) burial and storage. Studies have shown that the average OC accumulation rate in the global fjords is as high as 54 gC·m−2·a−1, and the OC burial amount is 18×1012 gC·a−1, taking about 11% of the annual global marine OC burial and showing a great carbon storage potential. The input, composition, and accumulation or burial of sedimentary OC in polar fjords are different from those in temperate fjords due to glaciation. There are spatial differences in the source, composition, accumulation, and burial rate of sedimentary OC within and between polar fjords. Within a fjord, there is a gradient change from the front of the fjord to the mouth of the fjord; and between fjords, those with glaciers have higher carbon accumulation rates than those without glaciers. In addition, the composition of sedimentary OC varies due to the influence of different freshwater and seawater inputs. Clarifying the sources of fjord sediment OC is crucial to understanding fjord OC burial. Quantitative estimation of OC from different sources can be achieved by measuring total OC and radiocarbon isotopes of bulk organic matter and the technology of Compound - Specific Radiocarbon Analysis (CSRA). The accumulation or burial of OC in polar fjords shows different characteristics due to the rapid retreating of glaciers by global warming. Global warming is causing rapid glaciers to melt, causing polar fjords to exhibit different organic carbon accumulation or burial characteristics. In the global carbon cycle, it is increasingly important to study whether the ability of polar fjords to capture and bury OC can adapt to global climate change.
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Keywords:
- fjords /
- sediment /
- 14C /
- organic carbon burial /
- climate change
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图 2 南北极峡湾分布图
蓝色线代表极地气候峡湾，红色线代表亚极地气候峡湾，绿色线代表温带气候峡湾。
Figure 2. Distribution of fjords in north and south polar regions
Polar fjords are shown in blue, subpolar fjords in red, and temperate fjords in green.
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