Seismic prediction of source rock distribution in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in the Pingbei area of Xihu Sag
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摘要: 西湖凹陷平北地区现有钻井稀少且分布不均，采样分析资料缺乏，不同层段烃源岩非均质性极强，导致烃源岩分布特征尚不明确。针对上述难题，基于地化、测井、录井、地震等资料，运用地震相−沉积相−有机相转化法和地震速度−岩性分析法对西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩有机相特征及厚度分布进行了研究，并对有利烃源岩的分布进行了预测。结果表明：① 平湖组下段烃源岩有机相可划分为潮控三角洲前缘A相、潮间带B相和局限海C相三种类型，其中平下上亚段潮控三角洲前缘A相最为发育，位于研究区的中部区域，而平下下亚段潮间带B相最为发育，主要位于研究区的西部区域；② 平下下亚段烃源岩具有东西分带、西薄东厚的特征，最大厚度可达500余米；而平下上亚段烃源岩总体上具有西北薄东南厚的特征，向东南方向厚度最高可达1000余米；③ 烃源岩综合评价分析认为，平下下亚段有利烃源岩主要分布在研究区的中东部区域，平下上亚段有利烃源岩主要分布在研究区的东南部区域。Abstract: Drilling wells are rarely and unevenly distributed in the Pingbei area of the Xihu sag and sample analysis data are also lacking. However, the heterogeneity of source rocks is very strong in different layers, which has made it unclear the distribution pattern of source rocks. In order to solve the problem, this paper studied the characteristics of the organic facies and the thickness distribution patterns of the source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation taking the Pingbei area as a case, based on the integration of geochemical, logging and seismic data. The method of seismic facies-sedimentary facies-organic facies transformation and the method of seismic velocity and lithology analysis are adopted for prediction of favorable source rocks. The results show that: (1) The organic facies of source rocks in the Lower Member of the Pinghu Formation can be classified into three facies types, i.e. tidal delta front A, intertidal zone B and confined sea C. The tidal delta front A facies, located in the center of the study area, is the most developed one in the Second Member of Lower Pinghu Formation, while the intertidal B facies is the most developed in the First Member of Lower Pinghu Formation, which is mainly located in the western region of the study area. (2) The thickness distribution pattern of the source rocks in the Lower Pinghu Formation are clarified. The source rocks in the Second Member of Lower Pinghu Formation are zonated from east to west, thinner in the west and thicker in the east, and the maximum thickness may be over 500 meters; while the source rocks in the First Member of Lower Pinghu Formation are generally thin in the northwest and thick in the southeast, with a maximum thickness more than 1000 meters in the southeast; (3) The integrated evaluation and analysis of source rocks suggest that the favorable source rocks in the Second Member of Lower Pinghu Formation are mainly distributed in the southeast of the study area, and the favorable source rocks in the First Member of Lower Pinghu Formation are mainly distributed in the middle east of the study area. The research results are significant to the early prediction and evaluation of source rocks in the study area and other depressions.
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Keywords:
- source rock /
- seismic facies /
- organic facies /
- Pinghu Formation /
- seismic prediction /
- Xihu sag
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图 3 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩地震相类型
Figure 3. Seismic facies types of source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area of Xihu sag
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图 4 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩地震相平面分布图
Figure 4. Distribution of seismic facies of source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area of Xihu sag
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图 5 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩地震相与单井沉积相标定
Figure 5. Calibration of seismic facies and single well sedimentary facies of source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area, Xihu sag
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图 6 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩有机相平面分布图
Figure 6. Distribution of organic facies of source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area of Xihu sag
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图 7 西湖凹陷平北地区砂泥岩压实模型
Figure 7. Compaction model of mud and sand in Pingbei area of Xihu Sag
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图 8 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段泥岩厚度平面分布图
Figure 8. Distribution of mudstone thickness of the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in the Pingbei area of Xihu Sag
表 1 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩特征
Table 1 Characteristics of source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area, Xihu sag
层位 统计值 泥岩 炭质泥岩 煤 TOC/% S1+S2/(mg/g) TOC/% S1+S2/(mg/g) TOC/% S1+S2/(mg/g) 平下上亚段 最小值 0.01 0.1 6.7 9.6 26 38 最大值 5.45 23 14 69 70 240 平均值 1.01 2.2 10.1 34 43.8 116.8 样本数 145 145 4 4 9 9 平下下亚段 最小值 0.01 0.1 3.4 5.5 19 65 最大值 5.86 14 35 75 65 200 平均值 0.96 1.96 13.2 39.9 42.6 143.7 样本数 143 143 10 10 11 11 
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表 2 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩地震相与沉积相对应关系
Table 2 Correlations between seismic facies and sedimentary facies of source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area, Xihu sag
层段 沉积相类型 地震反射特征 平下上亚段 潮间带 低频强振幅反射 中频中振幅—中振幅波状反射 潮控三角洲前缘 变振幅低连续反射 局限海 低频中振幅反射 平下下亚段 潮间带 低频强振幅反射 中频中振幅—中振幅波状反射 潮控三角洲前缘 变振幅低连续反射 局限海 低频中振幅反射
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表 3 西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组下段烃源岩有机相划分
Table 3 Organic facies division for source rocks in the Lower Member of Pinghu Formation in Pingbei area, Xihu sag
有机相 A相 B相 C相 平下下亚段 沉积相 潮控三角洲前缘 潮间带 局限海 TOC/% 1.2～3.43
2.32(2)0.11～64.99
20.13(26)2～4 干酪根类型 Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2 Ⅱ2-Ⅲ Ⅱ2-Ⅲ S1+S2/(mg/g) 1.83～5.57
3.7(2)0.29～190.56
122.59(25)9.8～139.18
73.99HI/(mg/g) 143.81～147.07
145.4(2)61.09～290.34
158.3(15)150～250 主要产物 油、气混合 油、气混合 油、气混合 平下上亚段 沉积相 潮控三角洲前缘 潮间带 局限海 TOC/% 0.44～60.98
12.78(8)0.06～39.74
13.23 (29)2～4 干酪根类型 Ⅱ2-Ⅲ Ⅱ2-Ⅲ Ⅱ2-Ⅲ S1+S2/(mg/g) 0.59～235.73
36.73(8)0.12～93.75
35.82(27)9.8～139.18
73.99HI/(mg/g) 82.58～355.84
165.58(8)30.59～395.75
167.52(18)150～250 主要产物 油、气混合 油、气混合 油、气混合 注：C相（局限海）有机地化参数来源于文献[3, 45-46]，表中横线下方数据为平均值和样品数量。
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