PROGRESS IN RESEARCHES ON SEA-LEVEL CHANGES IN SOUTH CHINA SEA SINCE MID-HOLOCENE
-
摘要: 综述了近几十年来前人有关中全新世以来南海海平面变化研究的主要成果,着重探讨了研究中出现的争议和热点问题,结果表明,南海中全新世确实存在高海平面,海平面最高有2~3 m,出现在7.0~5.5 kaBP;而此后的海平面变化呈振荡模式,波动降低到目前海平面的位置,且与温度波动有一定的同步性,揭示了它们之间的紧密联系。而由卫星观测结果统计出的最近十几年以来南海海平面的上升速率达3.9 mm/a,略高于同期全球平均值;由验潮站统计出的南海海平面上升率为2.4 mm/a,同样略高于相应的全球平均值。最后还指出了研究过程中存在的主要问题与不足,并初步总结出一些改进措施:①使用高精度的定年技术,减少年龄误差;②在构造相对稳定的海岸段研究古海平面变化;③尽量采用高精度的标志物,如微环礁、管形虫壳等。Abstract: The researches on sea-level changes in South China Sea since mid-Holocene during the past several decades have been comprehensively reviewed. Some disputes and hot questions are mainly discussed and the conclusions indicate that high sea level in mid-Holocene reached maximally 2~3 m above present mean sea level during 7.0~5.5 kaBP, and the following sea level performed oscillating and fell to present mean sea level, in phase of the Holocene temperature to some extent,suggesting their close relationship. The modern rising rates of sea level in South China Sea resulting from observation of satellite altimeters and tide gauges, are up to 3.9 and 2.4 mm/a respectively, both slightly higher than the corresponding contemporaneous global mean rates. Additionally, some shortages and problems about sea-level researches are listed, and preliminary improving measures concluded include:(1)using more precise dating technology to minimize errors; (2)carrying out researches on tectonically stable locations; (3)adopting more precise sea-level indicators such as microatolls and tubeworm encrustations.
-
Keywords:
- high sea level /
- Oscillating Model /
- middle and late Holocene /
- South China Sea
-
-
[2] 聂宝符,陈特固,梁美桃,等.南沙群岛及其邻近礁区造礁珊瑚与环境变化的关系[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:62-63.[NIE Bao-fu, CHEN Te-gu, LIANG Mei-tao, et al. The Relationship Between Reef Coral and Environmental Changes of Nasha Islands and Adjacent Regions[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1997:62 -63.]
[3] 赵希涛,杨达源. 全球海面变化[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1992:8-27.[ZHAO Xi-tao, YANG Da-yuan. Global Sea Level Change[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1992:8 -27.]
[4] 赵希涛,张景文,李桂英. 海南岛南岸全新世珊瑚礁发育[J]. 地质科学,1983(2):150-159.[ZHAO Xi-tao, ZHANG Jing-wen, LI Gui-ying. Development of the Holocene coral reefs along the southern coasts of Hainan Island[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica,1983 (2):150-159.]
[5] 陈俊仁,陈欣树,赵希涛,等. 全新世海南省鹿回头海平面变化之研究[C]//南海地质研究(三).广州:广东科技出版社,1991:77-86.[CHEN Jun-ren, CHEN Xin-shu, ZHAO Xi-tao, et al. Study of Holocene sea level change at Luhuitou area of Hainan Province[C]//Geological Research of South China Sea (3). Guangzhou:Science and Technology of Guangdong Press, 1991 :77-86.]
[6] Korotky A M, Razjigaeva N G, Ganzey L A, et al. Late Pleistocene-Holocene coastal development of islands off Vietnam[J]. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1995, 11(4):301-308.
[7] CHEN Yue-gau,LIU Tsung-kwei. Sea level changes in the last several thousand years, Penghu Islands, Taiwan Strait[J]. Quaternary Research, 1995, 45:254-262.
[8] 聂宝符,陈特固,梁美桃,等. 雷州半岛珊瑚礁与全新世高海面[J]. 科学通报,1997,42(5):511-514. [NIE Bao-fu, CHEN Te-gu, LIANG Mei-tao,et al. The coral reefs in Leizhou Peninsula and high sea-level in Holocene[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1997, 42(5):511-514.]
[9] 余克服,钟晋梁,赵建新,等. 雷州半岛珊瑚礁生物地貌带与全新世多期相对高海平面[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(2):27-33. [YU Ke-fu, ZHONG Jin-liang, ZHAO Jian-xin, et al. Biological-geomorphological zones in a coral reef area at southwest Leizhou Peninsula unveil multiple sea level high-stands in the Holocene[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2002, 22(2):27-33.]
[10] 黄德银,施祺,张叶春. 海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁与全新世高海平面[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(4):1-7. [HUANG De-yin, SHI Qi, ZHANG Ye-chun. The coral reef and high sea level in Luhuitou, Hainan Island during Holocene[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2005, 25(4):1-7.]
[11] Collins L B, ZHAO Jian-Xin, Heather Freeman. A high-precision record of mid-late Holocene sea-level events from emergent coral pavements in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, southwest Australia[J]. Quaternary International,2006,145-146:78-85.
[12] 杨建明,郑晓云. 福建沿岸6000年来的海平面波动[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(4):67-74. [YANG Jian-ming, ZHENG Xiao-yun. Sea-level fluctuations during the past 6000 years along the coast of Fujian[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 1990,10(4):67-74.]
[13] 方国祥,李平日,黄光庆.闽南粤东全新世海平面变化[J].第四纪研究,1992,12(3):233-239. [FANG Guo-xiang, LI Ping-ri, HUANG Guang-qing. Holocene sea level changes in southern Fujian and eastern Guangdong[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1992,12(3):233-239.]
[14] Tjia H D. Sea-level changes in the tectonically stable Malay-Thai Peninsula[J]. Quaternary International,1996, 31:95-101.
[15] Geyh M A, Kudrass H R. Sea-level changes during the late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Strait of Malacca[J]. Nature, 1979, 278:441-443.
[16] Baker R G V,Haworth R J. Smooth or oscillating late Holocene sea-level curve? Evidence from the palaeo-zoology of fixed biological indicators in east Australia and beyond[J]. Marine Geology, 2000, 163(1-4):367-386.
[17] Yim W W S,Huang G. Middle Holocene higher sea-level indicators from the South China coast[J]. Marine Geology, 2002, 183(3-4):225-230.
[18] Smithers S G, Woodroffe C D. Microatolls as sea-level indicators on a mid-ocean atoll[J]. Marine Geology, 2000, 168:61-78.
[19] Baker R G V, Haworth R J, Flood P G. Inter-tidal fixed indicators of former Holocene sea level in Australia:a summary of sites and a review of methods and models[J]. Quaternary International, 2001, 83-85:257-273.
[20] Laborel J, Laborel-Deguen F. Biological indicators of relative sea-level variations and co-seismic displacements in the Mediterranean region[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1994, 10(2):395-415.
[21] 陈俊仁,李学杰. 珠海钻孔剖面沉积特征与海平面变化[C]//南海地质研究(八).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:67-96.[CHEN Jun-ren, LI Xue-jie. Sedimentation characteristics and sea-level changes at wells in Zhuhai during historic time[C]//Geological Research of South China Sea(8). Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press, 1996 :67-96.]
[22] Berdin R D, Siringan F P,Yasuo Maed. Holocene sea-level highstand and its implications for the vertical stability of Panglao Island, southwest Bohol, Philippines[J]. Quaternary International,2004,115-116:27-37.
[23] 张虎南,陈伟光,黄坤容,等. 华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境[M]. 北京:地震出版社,1990:1-17,94,173 -237.[ZHANG Hu-nan, CHEN Wei-guang, HUANG Kun-rong, et al. New-tectonic activities and geological environment along the southern China coast[M]. Beijing:Seismic Press, 1990:1-17, 94, 173-237.]
[24] YU Ke-fu, ZHAO Jian-xin, LIU Tung-sheng, et al. High-frequency winter cooling and reef coral mortality during the Holocene climatic optimum[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 224:143-155.
[25] Baker R G V, Davis A M, Atichison J C,et al. Comment on "Mid-Holocene higher sea level indicators from the south China coast" by W W S Yim and G Huang[Mar. Geol.182(2002) 225-230]:a regional perspective[J]. Marine Geology, 2003, 196:91-98.
[26] Angulo R J, Giannini P C F, Kenitiro Suguio, et al. Relative sea-level changes in the last 5500 years in southern Brazil (Laguna Imbituba region, Santa Catarina State) based on vermetid 14C ages[J]. 1999, 159(1-4):323-339.
[27] Ramsay P J. 9000 years of sea-level change along the southern African coastline[J]. 1996, 31:71-75.
[28] Banjeree P K. Holocene and Late Pleistocene relative sea level fluctuations along the east coast of India[J]. Marine Geology, 2000, 167:243-260.
[29] Searle D J, Woods D P. Detailed documentation of a Holocene sea level record in the Perth Region, southern Western Australia[J]. Quaternary Research, 1986, 26:299-308.
[30] Shepard F P. Sea-level changes in past 6000 years, possible archaeological significance[J]. Science, 1964, 143:574-576.
[31] Fairbridge R W. Eustatic changes in sea-level[J]. Phys. Chem. Earth, 1961, 4:99-185.
[32] 赵希涛,赵叔松. 15000年来海平面变化研究的进展[C]//中国第四纪研究委员会,中国海洋学会编.中国第四纪海岸线学术讨论会论文集. 北京:海洋出版社,1985:15-24.[ZHAO Xi-tao, ZHAO Shu-song. Progress in study on sea level changes during the past 15000 years[C]//China Quaternary Research Association and Chinese Society of Oceanography, eds. Proceeding of Quaternary Coastline Symposium, China. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 1985 :15-24.]
[33] Kidson C. Sea level change in the Holocene[J].Quaternary Science Reviews, 1982, 1(2):121-151.
[34] 聂宝符. 五千年来南海海平面变化的研究[J]. 第四纪研究. 1996,16(1):80-87. [NIE Bao-fu. Sea level changes since the last 5000 years in South China Sea[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1996,16(1):80-87.]
[35] 李平日,黄镇国,张仲英,等. 广东东部晚更新世以来的海平面变化[J]. 海洋学报,1987,9(2):216-222. [LI Ping-ri, HUANG Zhen-guo, ZHANG Zhong-ying, et al. Sea-level changes since Late-Pleistocene in eastern Guangdong[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1987,9(2):216-222.]
[36] 薛春汀. 对我国沿海全新世海面变化研究的讨论[J]. 海洋学报,2002,24(4):58-67. [XUE Chun-ting. Holocene sea-level change along China coast[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2002,24(4):58-67.]
[37] ZONG Yong-qiang. Mid-Holocene sea-level highstand along the Southeast Coast of China[J]. Quaternary International,2004, 117:55-67.
[38] Woodroffe S A, Horton B P. Holocene sea-level changes in the Indo-Pacific[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 25:29-43.
[39] Flood P G, Frankel E. Late Holocene higher sea-level indicators from eastern Australia[J]. Marine Geology, 1989, 90:193-195.
[40] 黄镇国,张伟强. 南海地区全新世高海平面遗迹高程的区域差异问题[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):228-235. [HUANG Zhen-guo, ZHANG Wei-qiang. On elevation differentiation of the Holocene high sea level relics in the South China Sea area[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2005,24(2):228-235.]
[41] Beaman R, Larcombe P, Carter R M. New evidence for the high Holocene sea-level from the inner shelf, Central Great Barrier Reef, Australia[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1994, 64(4):881-885.
[42] Baker R G V, Haworth R J. Smooth or oscillating late Holocene sea-level curve? Evidence from cross-regional statistical regressions of fixed biological indicators[J]. Marine Geology, 1999, 163:353-365.
[43] Rebort S N, Ric Leuliette, Anny Cazenave. Present-day sea-level change:A review[J]. C. R. Geoscience, 2006, 338:1077-1083.
[44] Dyurgerov. Glacier mass balance and regime[R]. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2002.
[45] 温家洪,孙波,李院生,等. 南极冰盖的物质平衡研究:进展与展望[J]. 极地研究,2004,16(2):114-126. [WEN Jia-hong, SUN Bo, LI Yuan-sheng, et al. Progress and prospect in mass balance studies of Antarctic ice sheet[J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2004, 16(2):114-126.]
[46] Lambeck K, Esat T M, Potter E K. Links between climate and sea levels for the past three million years[J]. Nature, 2002, 419:199-206.
[47] Mörner N A. Eustasy and geoid changes[J]. Journal of Geology, 1976, 84:123-151.
[48] Mörner N A. Rapid changes in coastal sea level[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1996, 12:797-800.
[49] 刘以宣,詹文欢,陈俊仁,等. 南海换近海平面变化与构造升降初步研究[J].热带海洋,1993,12(3):24-31. [LIU Yi-xuan, ZHAN Wen-huan, CHEN Jun-ren, et al. The preliminary study on neoid sea level changes and crustal elevation and subsidence movement in South China Sea[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1993, 12(3):24-31.]
[50] Bird M I, Fifield L K, Teh T S, et al. An inflection in the rate of early mid-Holocene eustatic sea-level rise:A new sea-level curve from Singapore[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,71(3-4):523-536.
[51] 冯浩鉴. 中国东部沿海地区海平面与陆地垂直运动[M]. 北京:海洋出版社,1999:159-175.[FENG Hao-jian. Vertical Movement of Sea-level and Land in the Coast Zone of East China[M]. Beijing:China Ocean Press, 1999:159 -175.]
[52] 王绍武,龚道溢. 全新世几个特征时期的中国气温[J]. 自然科学进展,2000,10(4):325-332. [WANG Shao-wu, GONG Dao-yi. Climate in China during the four special periods in Holocene[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2000, 10(4):325-332.]
[53] 李学杰,韩建修,唐荣革,等. 南海北部全新世以来的古气候演变[C]//南海地质研究(九). 武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999:86-104.[LI Xue-jie,HAN Jian-xiu, TANG Rong-ge, et al. Holocene palaeoclimatic changes in the northern South China Sea[C]//Geological Research of South China Sea(9). Wuhai:China University of Geosciences Press, 1999 :86-104.]
[54] 赵希涛,彭贵,张景文. 海南岛沿岸全新世地层与海面变化的初步研究[J]. 地质科学,1979(4):350-358.[ZHAO Xi-tao, PENG Gui, ZHANG Jing-wen. A preliminary study of Holocene stratigraphy and sea level changes along the coast of Hainan Island[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1979 (4):350-358.]
[55] 王绍鸿,吴学忠. 福建沿海全新世高温期的气候与海面变化[J]. 台湾海峡,1992,11(4):345-352. [WANG Shao-hong, WU Xue-zhong. Climate and sea level changes during Holocene high temperature period along Fujian coast[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 1992, 11(4):345-352.]
[56] 施雅风,孔昭宸,王苏民,等. 中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件[J]. 中国科学B辑,1992(12):1300-1308.[SHI Ya-feng, KONG Zhao-chen, WANG Su-min, et al. Major events of the climate variations during the megathermal of Holocene in China[J]. Science in China(Series B), 1992 (12):1300-1308.]
[57] 李立,许金电,蔡榕硕. 20世纪90年代南海海平面的上升趋势:卫星高度计的观测结果[J]. 科学通报,2002,47(1):59-62. [LI Li, XU Jin-dian, CAI Rong-shuo. The rising trend of sea-level in South China Sea during 1990s:Resulting from observation datum of TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47(1):59-62.]
[58] Cazenave A, Diminh K, Soudarin L, et al. Sea level changes from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry and tide gauges, and vertical crustal motions from DORIS[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1999, 26:2077-2080.
[59] 陈特固,杨清书,徐锡祯. 广东沿海相对海平面变化特点[J]. 热带海洋,1997,16(1):95-100. [CHEN Te-gu, YANG Qing-shu, XU Xi-zhen. The characteristic of sea level change along the coast of Guangdong Province[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1997, 16(1):95-100.]
[60] 黄镇国,张伟强. 南海现代海平面变化研究的进展[J]. 台湾海峡,2004, 23(4):530-535. [HUANG Zhen-guo, ZHANG Wei-qiang. Advance of recent research on sea level changes in South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2004, 23(4):530-535.]
[62] Douglas B C. Global sea level rise:A redetermination[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 1997, 18:278-292.
[63] 黄镇国,陈特固,张伟强,等. 广东海平面变化及其影响与对策[M]. 广州:广东科技出版社,2000:33-60.[HUANG Zhen-guo, CHEN Te-gu, ZHANG Wei-qiang, et al. Sea Level Changes, Influence and Countermeasure in Guangdong Province[M]. Guangzhou:Science and Technology of Guangdong Press, 2000:33 -60.]
[64] 高峰,孙成权,曲建升. 全球气候变化的新认识——IPCC第三次气候评估报告第一工作组报告摘要[J]. 地球科学进展,2001,16(3):442-445. [GAO Feng, SUN Cheng-quan, QU Jian-sheng. The new cognition on the changes of the global climates-IPCC WGⅠ Third Assessment Report:Summary to Policymakers[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2001, 16(3):442-445.]
[66] 赵建新,余克服. 南海雷州半岛造礁珊瑚的质谱铀系年代及全新世高海面[J]. 科学通报,2001,46(20):1734-1738. [ZHAO Jian-xin, YU Ke-fu. The U/Th(TIMS) ages of hermatypic corals in Luzhou Peninsula and high sea-level of South China Sea in Holocene[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2001, 46(20):1734-1738.]
[67] Eisenhauer A, Wasserburg G J, CHEN J H, et al. Holocene sea-level determination relative to the Australian continent:U/Th(TIMS) and 14C (AMS) dating of coral cores from the Abrolhos Islands[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1993, 114(4):529-547.
[68] YU Ke-fu, LIU Dong-sheng, SHEN Cheng-de, et al. High-frequency climatic oscillations recorded in a Holocene coral reef at Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea[J]. Science in China, 2002, 45(12):1057-1067.
[69] 姚伯初,万玲,吴能友. 大南海地区新生代板块构造活动[J]. 中国地质,2004,31(2):113-122. [YAO Bo-chu,WAN Ling,WU Neng-you. Cenozoic plate tectonic activities in the Great South China Sea area[J]. Geology in China, 2004, 31(2):113-122.]
[70] Laborel J. Vermetid gastropods as sea level indicators[C]//In:von de Plassche, eds. Sea Level Research. Norwich:Geo Books, 1986:167-189.
计量
- 文章访问数: 1503
- HTML全文浏览量: 143
- PDF下载量: 41
下载:
