MINEROGENESIS AND MODE OF POLYMETALLIC NODULES IN THE OCEAN
-
摘要: 以成矿作用反应场中的成矿物质和成矿环境为切入点,指出洋底水-沉积物界面附近形成了金属垒、碱性垒和氧化垒的垒群带以及矿物的沉析带;溶解态成矿金属的存在形式除Fe主要呈高价态外,Mn、Cu、Ni、Co均呈低价态;洋底沉析的矿物有赤铁矿、针铁矿、石英、硅酸盐类和碳酸盐类矿物。成矿溶液中存在富含Mn、Fe的胶体和微粒,其Mn、Fe含量比溶解态的高出百倍至千倍,Cu、Ni、Co含量也以增高为主。南极底层流的供氧使表层沉积物均呈浅黄、黄褐、褐色系列色调,并且成矿溶液呈低温、弱碱性、强氧化环境。在构筑成矿金属运聚和分异的动态模型基础上,提出了氧化、胶体化学和生物化学是结核生成的作用链,归纳为以洋底垒群带和矿物沉析带的复合带为背景、胶体化学作用为主导、物理化学作用和生物化学作用叠加的外生成因水下沉析的结核成矿模式。Abstract: In the metallogenetic convergence field, the metallogenesis and growth environment is considered as a core to be described and calculated in various aspects. The results indicate that at the bottom of the ocean close to the interface of the sediments are formed the metalliferous barrier, the alkaline barrier and the oxidized ore barrier as a barrier group and mineral settling-out zone. Metallogenetic elements in the solution state such as Mn, Cu, Ni and Co all present low valence with the exception of Fe in high valence. The settling-out minerals are hematite, goethite, quartz, silicate and carbonate at the bottom of the ocean. The metallogenetic solution is rich in colloid and particles of Mn and Fe which are about 100 to 1000 times higher than that of the solution. The content of Cu, Ni and Co increases in majority. The top sediments at the bottom present light yellow, yellowish brown and brown series, and the metallogenetic solution is in low temperature, weak alkaline and strong oxide environment due to the oxygen-supplying bottom Antarctic current. The dynamic modeling of the metallogenic accumulation and separate conditions indicate that the oxidation, colloid chemical and biological reactions are the chains to produce nodules. The conclusion is that the metallogenetic mode is the exogenetic suboceanic separation affected by colloid chemical majority with physical-chemical and biological reactions in the compound zone of the suboceanic barrier group and separate conditions.
-
-
[1] 克罗南D S. 水下矿产[M]. 高战朝,阎铁,陈奎英,译. 北京:科学出版社, 1980.[Cronen D S. Minerals under water[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1980.] [2] 黄永样. 多金属结核的分布规律[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 1992.[HUANG Yong-yang. The Distribution Regularity of Multiple Metal Nodules[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1992.] [3] 汪蕴璞. 洋底水岩系统界面水及其成矿机理[M]. 北京:北京科学技术出版社, 1991.[WANG Yun-pu. Ocean-floor Interface Water in Water-rock System and Its Minerogenic Mechanism[M]. Beijing:Beijing Science and Technology Press, 1991.] [4] 汪蕴璞,林锦璇,王翠霞,等. 太平洋中部水文地球化学特征[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 1994.[WANG Yun-pu, LIN Jin-xuan, WANG Cui-xia, et al. Hydrogeochemistry of the Central Pacific Ocean[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1994.] [5] Piper D Z. The metal oxide fraction of pelagic sediment in the equatorial North Pacific Ocean:A source of metals in ferromanganese nodules[J]. Geochimica et Cosmo-Chimica Acta, 1988, 52:2127-2145.
[6] 张宏达,汪珊,杨振京,等. 海洋底层水成矿金属组分存在形式和沉淀矿物的定量研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(2):56-59. [ZHANG Hong-da, WANG Shan, YANG Zhen-jing, et al. Quantitative study on precipitable mineral and the existing form of ore-forming metal species of the bottom water in ocean[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2003, 19(2):56-59.]
[7] 吴琳,汪珊,张宏达,等. 海洋软泥水成矿金属组分存在形式及其溶解-沉淀的定量研究[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(2):49-53. [WU Lin,WANG Shan, ZHANG Hong-da, et al. Quantitative estimation on the existing form of ore-forming metal species and its solution-precipitation of the ooze water in ocean[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2004, 24(2):49-53.]
[8] 金庆焕. 苏联对中太平洋铁锰结核研究的概况——太平洋中部铁锰结核一书评价[J]. 海洋地质动态, 1987(10):1-30,(11 ):5-6.[JIN Qing-huan. The survey of Russia on studying of central Pacific——Review of the book on central Pacific ferromanganese nodule[J]. Marine Geology Letters, 1987(10):1-30,(11):5-6.]
[9] 哈尔巴赫. 海底矿产研究[J].许东禹, 陈宗团,译. 海洋地质动态,1987.[Halbach P. Studying on the Mineral of Marine Bottom[J]. Marine Geology Letters,1987.]
计量
- 文章访问数: 1463
- HTML全文浏览量: 109
- PDF下载量: 8
下载:
