九州台古土壤S<sub>1</sub>记录的末次间冰期东亚夏季风变化

饶志国; 陈发虎; 汪海斌; 张家武; 朱照宇

九州台古土壤S₁记录的末次间冰期东亚夏季风变化

1 兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室中德干旱环境联合研究中心, 兰州 730000;
2 中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室, 广州 510640;
3 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039;
4 北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875

基金项目:

国家自然科学杰出青年基金项目(40125001)

教育部博士点基金(20020730010)

科技部重点国际合作项目(2002CB714004)

详细信息

作者简介:
饶志国(1978-),男,博士生,从事地球化学和古气候变化研究,E-mail:zgrao@gig.ac.cn

中图分类号: P532
计量
- 文章访问数: 1540
- HTML全文浏览量: 153
- PDF下载量: 8
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2005-09-13
- 修回日期: 2005-11-22

EASTERN ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON VARIATION DURING MIS5e AS RECORDED BY PALEOSOL S₁ AT JIUZHOUTAI LOESS SECTION

1 Sino-German Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research, Key-Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resource, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry & South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
4 College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

摘要

摘要: 对沉积速率较高的黄土高原西部地区九州台剖面S₁古土壤的夏季风代用指标——磁化率、碳酸钙含量、色度进行了测量。综合分析结果表明,MIS5e开始前,夏季风有一次衰退事件,末次盛间冰期早期夏季风强于晚期,而中期夏季风强度相对较弱,然而这种变化是较为和缓的,并没有表现出类似GRIP冰心氧同位素的大幅度、快速变化,表明MIS5e期间东亚夏季风是相对稳定的。来自海洋的研究表明,西太平洋洋面温度(SST)和洋面高度在MIS5e早期和晚期相对较高,中期相对较低,证实了西太平洋环境变化和东亚夏季风强度之间存在成因上的联系。与先前有关全新世东亚夏季风研究结果的对比表明,MIS5e和全新世东亚夏季风演化具有一定的相似性,可能反映了低纬海洋和高纬大陆之间能量和物质交换对太阳辐射响应的某种内在机制。
- 东亚夏季风 /
- 末次间冰期 /
- 全新世 /
- 九州台古土壤
Abstract: Proxies of the Eastern Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM)-magnetic susceptibility depending on frequency,carbonate content and soil color of paleosol S₁ of Jiuzhoutai loess-paleosol profile whose accumulative rate is high and which is located in western Chinese Loess Plateau have been measured. Synthesis analysis of the obtained data deduced a decline event of EASM at the beginning of MIS5e, and then the intensity of EASM increased quickly until the last interglacial. Early MIS5e EASM is stronger than the late MIS5e one, and the middle MIS5e is the weakest. The gentle change of MIS5e EASM has no characters of the abrupt change of GRIP oxygen isotope, suggesting the EASM is relative stable during MIS5e. The surface sea temperature and sea level in the west part of the Pacific is relatively high during early and late MIS5e and relatively low during middle MIS5e, consistent with the change of EASM, meaning that environmental change of the west part of the Pacific partly controlled the change of the EASM. Previous studies on Holocene EASM suggested that early Holocene EASM is stronger than late Holocene one, and middle Holocene is relatively dry. The same character of EASM change of MIS5e and Holocene may reveal the inherence mechanism of EASM change.
- Eastern Asian Summer Monsoon /
- Holocene /
- MIS5e /
- Jiuzhoutai Paleosol S₁

HTML全文

参考文献(84)

[1]	Lockwood J G. Abrupt and sudden climatic transitions and fluctuations:a review[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2001, 21:1153-1179.
[2]	Shackleton N J, Maria Fernanda Sánchez-Goňi, Delphine Pailler, et al. Marine isotope substage 5e and the Eemian interglacial[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 36:151-155.
[3]	Kolfschoten T V, Gibbard P L, Knudsen K L. The Eemian Interglacial:a Global Perspective, Introduction[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 36:147-149.
[4]	Broecker W S. The end of the present interglacial:How and When?[J].Quaternary Science Reviews, 1998, 17:689-694.
[5]	Dansgaard W, Johnson S J, Clausen H B, et al. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250 ka ice-core record[J]. Nature, 1993, 364:218-220.
[6]	Greenland Ice-cord Project(GRIP) Members. Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core[J]. Nature, 1993, 364:203-207.
[7]	Johnsen S J, Clausen H B, Dansgaard W, et al. The Eem stable isotope record along the GRIP ice core and its interpretation[J]. Quaternary Research, 1995, 43:117-124.
[8]	Thorsteinn Thorsteinsson, Josef Kipfsuhl, Hajo Eicken, et al. Crystal size variations in Eemian-age ice from the GRIP ice core, Central Greenland[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1995, 131:381-394.
[9]	Taylor K C, Hammer C U, Alley R B, et al. Electrical conductivity measurements from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores[J]. Nature, 1993,366:549-552.
[10]	Grootes P M, Stuiver M, White J W C, et al. Comparison of oxygen records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores[J]. Nature, 1993, 366:552-554.
[11]	Kukla G J, Thouveny N, Stockhauen H. Tentative correlation of pollen records of the last interglacial at Grande Pile and Ribains with marine isotope stages[J]. Quaternary Research, 2002, 58:32-35.
[12]	Kukla G J, Bender M L, Bond G, et al. Last interglacial climates[J]. Quaternary Research, 2002, 58:2-13.
[13]	Turner C. Problems of the duration of the Eemian interglacial in Europe North of the Alps[J]. Quaternary Research, 2002, 58:45-48.
[14]	Gibbard P L. Definition of the Middle-Upper Pleistocene boundary[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 36:201-208.
[15]	Yuan D X, Cheng H, Edwards R L, et al. Timing, duration, and transitions of the last interglacial Asian Monsoon[J]. Science, 2004, 304:575-578.
[16]	Solveig M S, Knudsen K L. Eemian climatic and Hydrographical instability on a marine shelf in Northern Denmark[J]. Quaternary Research, 1997, 47:218-234.
[17]	Heusser L, Oppo D. Millennial-and orbital-scale climate variability in Southeastern United States and in the subtropical Atlantic during Marine Isotope Stage 5:evidence from pollen and isotope from ODP site 1059[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2003, 214:483-490.
[18]	Rousseau D D, Puisségur J J. Climatic interpretation of terrestrial malacofaunas of the last interglacial in southeastern France[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 1999, 151:321-336.
[19]	Capers G, Merkt J, Müller H. The Eemian interglaciation in Northwestern Germany[J]. Quaternary Research, 2002, 58:49-52.
[20]	Cheddadi R, Mamakowa K, Guiot J, et al. Was the climate of Eemian stable? A quantitative climate reconstruction from seven European pollen records[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 1998, 143:73-85.
[21]	Tzedakis P C, Frogley M R, Heaton T H E. Last interglacial conditions in southern Europe:evidence from Ioannina, northwest Greece[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 36:157-170.
[22]	Klotz S, Guiot J, Mosbrugger V. Continental European Eemian and early Würmian climate evolution:comparing signals using different quantitative reconstruction approaches based on pollen[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 36:277-294.
[23]	McManus J F, Bond G C, Broecker W S, et al. High-resolution climate records from the North Atlantic during the last interglacial[J]. Nature, 1994, 371:326-329.
[24]	Kergwin L D, Curry W B, Lehman S J, et al. The role of the deep ocean in North Atlantic climate change between 70 and 130 ka ago[J]. Nature, 1994, 371:323-325.
[25]	An Z S, Porter S C. Millennial-scale climatic oscillations during the last interglaciation in central China[J]. Geology, 1997, 25(7):603-606.
[26]	李力, 孙有斌, 鹿化煜,等. 末次间冰期黄土高原粉尘事件及其与北大西洋寒冷事件的对比[J]. 科学通报,1998,43(1):90-93. [LI Li, SUN You-bin, LU Hua-yu, et al. Dust events of Chinese Loess Plateau during last interglacial and its comparison with the cold events of North Atlantic[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(1):90-93.]
[27]	Liu X M, Hesse P, Liu T S, et al. High resolution climate record from the Beijing area during the last glacial-interglacial cycle[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1998, 25(3):349-352.
[28]	Guo Z T, Peng S Z, Wei L Y, et al. Weathering signals of millennial-scale oscillations of the eastern Asian summer monsoon over the last 220 ka[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1999, 44(Supp.1):20-25.
[29]	Lu H Y, Huissteden K V, An Z S, et al. East Asia winter monsoon variations on a millennial time-scale before the last glacial-interglacial cycle[J]. Journal of Quaternary Science, 1999, 14(2):101-110.
[30]	任剑璋, 丁仲礼, 刘东生, 等. 从会宁末次间冰期土壤看北大西洋气候不稳定性[J]. 地球物理学报, 1998, 41(2):162-167. [REN Jian-zhang, DING Zhong-li, LIU Tung-sheng, et al. A window to view climatic instability occurring at North Atlantic Ocean from the last interglacial palaeosol in Huining during MIS 5e[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 1998, 41(2):162-167.]
[31]	Ding Z L, Ren J Z, Yang S L, et al. Climate instability during the penultimate glaciation:evidence from two high-resolution loess records, China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104(B9):20123-20132.
[32]	Chen F H, Bloemendal J, Feng Z D, et al. East Asian monsoon variations during the last interglacial:evidence from the northwestern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Quaternary Science Review, 1999, 18(8-9):1127-1135.
[33]	Chen F H, Feng Z D, Zhang J W. Loess particle size data indicative of stable winter monsoons during the last interglacial in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Catena, 2000, 39:233-244.
[34]	Chen F H, Qiang M R, Feng Z D, et al. Stable East Asian monsoon climate during the Last Interglacial (Eemian) indicated by paleosol S1 in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Global and Planetary Changes, 2003, 36:171-179.
[35]	Bauch H A, Erlenkeuser H, Fahl K, et al. Evidence for a steeper Eemian than Holocene sea surface temperature gradient between Arctic and sub-Arctic regions[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 1999, 145:95-117.
[36]	Eynaud F, Turon J L, Duprat J. Comparison of the Holocene and Eemian palaeoenvironments in the South Icelandic Basin:dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for the North Atlantic surface circulation[J]. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2004, 128:55-79.
[37]	Rohling E J, Cane T R, Cooke S, et al. African monsoon variability during the previous interglacial maximum[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 202:61-75.
[38]	陈发虎, 张维信. 甘青地区的黄土地层学与第四纪冰川问题[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1993:11-12.[CHEN Fa-hu, ZHANG Wei-xin. Loess stratigraphy and Quaternary glaciation research in Gansu and Qinghai region[M].Beijing:Science Press, 1993:11 -12.]
[39]	Walden F, Oldfield F, Smith J. Environmental magnetism:a practical guide[C]//Walden J, Oldfield F, Smith J P,eds.Technical Guide series, No.6. London:Quaternary Research Association, 1999:35-62.
[40]	鸟居雅之, 福间浩司, 苏黎, 等. 黄土-古土壤磁化率述评[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(3):83-96. [Torii M, Fukuma K, SU Li, et al. Initial magnetic susceptibility of the Chinese loess-paleosols:A review[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 1999, 19(3):83-96.]
[41]	Kukla G L, An Z S. Loess stratigraphy in Central China[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 1989, 72:203-225.
[42]	Derbyshire E, Meng X M, Kemp R A. Provenance, transport and characteristics of modern aeolian dust in western Gansu Province, China, and interpretation of the Quaternary loess record[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1998, 39:497-516.
[43]	Zhou L P, Oldfield F, Wintle A G, et al. Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese Loess[J]. Nature, 1990, 346:737-739.
[44]	刘秀铭, 刘东生, Heller F, 等. 黄土频率磁化率与古气候冷暖变换[J]. 第四纪研究,1990,10(1):42-50. [LIU Xiu-ming, LIU Tung-sheng, Heller F, et al. Magnetic susceptibility depend on frequency of Chinese loess and paleoclimatic changes[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 19990, 10(1):42-50.]
[45]	刘秀铭, 刘东生, Heller F, 等. 中国黄土磁颗粒分析及其古气候意义[J]. 中国科学B辑,1991,6:639-644.[LIU Xiu-ming, LIU Tung-sheng, Heller F, et al. Magnetic grain analysis of Chinese loess and its implication for paleoclimatic research[J]. Science in China (Series B), 1991 , 6:639-644.]
[46]	刘秀铭, 刘东生, Heller F,等. 中国黄土磁化率与第四纪古气候研究[J]. 地质科学,1992(增刊):279-284.[LIU Xiu-ming, LIU Tung-sheng, Heller F, et al. Magnetic susceptibility of Chinese loess and Quaternary paleoclimatic research[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 1992 (Supplement):279-284.]
[47]	Fang X M, Fukusawa, Pan B T, et al. Asian summer monsoon instability during the last 60000 a:magnetic susceptibility and pedogenic evidence from the western Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1999, 168:219-232.
[48]	邬光剑, 潘保田, 管清玉, 等. 祁连山东段北麓近10 ka来的气候变化的初步研究[J]. 中国沙漠,1998,18(3):193-200. [WU Guang-jian, PAN Bao-tian, GUAN Qing-yu, et al. Climatic changes in the north piedmont of eastern Qilian mountains since 10 kaBP[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1998, 18(3):193-200.]
[49]	邬光剑, 潘保田, 管清玉, 等. 祁连山东段全新世与现代水热组合特征研究[J]. 地理科学,2000,20(2):160-165. [WU Guang-jian, PAN Bao-tian, GUAN Qing-yu, et al. Study on hydrothermal characteristic of eastern Qilian mountains in Holocene and present[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2000, 20(2):160-165.]
[50]	刘志刚, 潘保田, 邬光剑, 等. 末次间冰期以来中国西北部沙漠边缘区夏季风变化初步研究[J]. 中国沙漠,2000,20(4):375-377. [LIU Zhi-gang, PAN Bao-tian, WU Guang-jian, et al. Initial research of summer monsoon change at desert marginal zone in the Northwest of China since the last interglacial[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4):375-377.]
[51]	夏应菲, 汪永进, 陈峻. 李家岗下蜀黄土剖面的反射光谱研究[J]. 土壤学报,2000,37(4):443-448. [XIA Ying-fei, WANG Yong-jin, CHEN Jun. Systematic study on reflectance spectrum of Xiashu loess in Lijiagang, Nanjing[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2000, 37(4):443-448.]
[52]	杨石岭, 丁仲礼, 秦小光, 等. 黄土沉积中红光/反射光亮度值变化及古气候意义[J].第四纪研究,1999,19(4):125.[YANG Shi-ling, DING Zhong-li, QIN Xiao-guang, et al. Luminosity ratio of red light to reflected light of loess deposit and its implication of paleoclimatic research[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1999 , 4:125.]
[53]	Fang X M, Li J J. Millennial-scale mosoonal climatic change from poleosol sequences on the Chinese Western Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau:a brief summary and review[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(supplement):38-52.
[54]	杨胜利, 方小敏, 李吉均, 等. 表土颜色和气候定性至半定性关系研究[J]. 中国科学D辑,2001,31:175-181.[YANG Sheng-li, FANG Xiao-min, LI Ji-jun, et al. Transformation functions of soil color and climate[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2001 , 31:175-181.]
[55]	Yang S L, Chen S Y, Yan M D, et al. Soil color:a new sensitive indicator from climate change[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(supplement):282-285.
[56]	Jouzel J, Lorius C, Petit J R, et al. Vostok ice core:a continuous isotope temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160000 years)[J]. Nature, 1987, 329:402-408.
[57]	Petit J R, Jouzel J, Raynaud D, et al. Climate and atmospheric history of past 420000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctic[J]. Nature, 1999, 399:429-436.
[58]	Katharina Pahnke, Rainer Zahn, Elderfield Henry, et al. 340000-year Centennial-scale marine record of southern hemisphere climatic oscillation[J]. Science, 2003, 301:948-952.
[59]	Linsley B K. Oxygen-isotope record of sea level and climate variations in the Sulu Sea over the past 150000 years[J]. Nature, 1996, 380:234-267.
[60]	Tudhope A W, Chilcott C P, McCulloch M T, et al. Variability in the El Niňo-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle[J]. Science, 2001, 291:1511-1517.
[61]	Shankleton N J. The 100000-year ice-age cycle identified and found to lag temperature,carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity[J]. Science, 2000, 289:1897-1902.
[62]	涂霞, 郑范, 王吉良, 等. 南海北部末次间冰期早期的突然降温事件[J]. 中国科学D辑,2001,31(10):823-827. [TU Xia, ZHENG Fan, WANG Ji-liang, et al. An abrupt cooling event early in the last glacial in the northern South China Sea[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2001, 44(10):865-870.]
[63]	Tamburini F, Adatte T, Bernasconi S M, et al. Investigating the history of East Asian monsoon and climate during the last glacial-interglacial period (0~140000 years):mineralogy and geochemistry of ODP Sites 1143 and 1144, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2003, 20:147-168.
[64]	Rasmussen T L, Thomsen E, Kuijpers Antoon, et al. Late warming and early cooling of the sea surface in the Nordic seas during MIS 5e (Eemian Interglacial)[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2003, 22:809-821.
[65]	金祖辉, 陈隽. 西太平洋暖池区海表水温暖异常对东亚夏季风影响的研究[J]. 大气科学,2002,26(1):57-68. [JIN Zu-hui, CHEN Jun. A composite study of the influence of SST warm anomalies over the Western Pacific Warm Pool on Asian Summer Monsoon[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2002, 26(1):57-68.]
[66]	张存杰, 谢金南, 李栋梁, 等. 东亚季风对西北地区干旱气候的影响[J]. 高原气象,2002,21(2):193-198. [ZHANG Cun-jie, XIE Jin-nan, LI Dong-liang, et al. Effect of East-Asian monsoon on drought climate of Northwest China[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2002, 21(2):193-198.]
[67]	Prokopenko A A, Karabanov E B, Williams D F, et al. The stability and abrupt ending of the Last Interglaciation in Southeastern Siberia[J]. Quaternary Research, 2002, 58:56-59.
[68]	Huang C C, Zhou J, Pang J L. A regional aridity phase and its possible cultural impact during the Holocene Megathermal in the Guanzhong Basin, China[J]. Holocence, 2000, 10(1):135-143.
[69]	陈宝群, 黄春长, 李平华. 陕西扶风黄土台塬全新世成壤环境变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠,2004,24(2):149-152. [CHEN Bao-qun, HUANG Chun-chang, LI Ping-hua. Holocene pedogenesis and environmental change on the loess tableland in Fufeng country, Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(2):149-152.]
[70]	黄萍, 庞奖励, 黄春长. 渭北黄土台塬全新世地层高分辨率研究[J]. 地层学杂志,2001,25(2):107-110. [HUANG Ping, PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang. High resolution studies of the Holocene loess strata of the loess tableland in the Weihe river basin[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2001, 25(2):107-110.]
[71]	黄春长, 庞奖励, 陈宝群, 等. 扶风黄土台塬全新世多周期土壤研究[J]. 西北大学学报自然科学版,2001,31(6):509-513. [HUANG Chun-chang, PANG Jiang-li, CHEN Bao-qun, et al. Polycyclic soil on the Zhouyuan loess tableland in Fufeng country in Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2001, 31(6):509-513.]
[72]	Huang C C, Pang J L, Huang P. An early Holocene erosion phase on the loess tablelands in the southern Loess Plateau of China[J]. Geomorphology, 2002, 43:209-218.
[73]	Huang C C, Pang J L, Huang P, et al. High-resolution studies of the oldest cultivated soils in the southern Loess Plateau of China[J]. Catena, 2002, 47:29-42.
[74]	庞奖励, 黄春长. 陕西五里铺黄土剖面中微量元素地球化学特征[J]. 长春科技大学学报,2001,31(2):180-184. [PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang. Geochemical characters of trace elements in the Wulipu loess-paleosol section, Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2001, 31(2):180-184.]
[75]	张战平, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 陕西歧山全新世黄土高分辨率气候记录[J]. 中国沙漠,2000,20(4):415-417. [ZHANG Zhan-ping, PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang, et al. Climatic record with high resolution in the Holocene loess in Qishan, Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4):415-417.]
[76]	庞奖励, 黄春长, 张战平. 陕西歧山黄土剖面Rb、Sr组成与高分辨率气候变化[J]. 沉积学报,2001,19(4):637-641. [PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang, ZHANG Zhan-ping. Rb,Si elements and high resolution climatic records in the loess-paleosol profile at Qishan, Shaanxi[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2001, 19(4):637-641.]
[77]	黄春长, 庞奖励, 黄萍, 等. 关中盆地西部黄土台塬全新世气候事件研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2002,25(1):10-15. [HUANG Chun-chang, PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Ping, et al. Holocene climatic events on the loess tableland in the western Guanzhong basin, China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2002, 25(1):10-15.]
[78]	庞奖励, 黄春长, 张战平. 陕西五里铺黄土微量元素组成与全新世气候不稳定性研究[J]. 中国沙漠,2001,21(2):151-156. [PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang, ZHANG Zhan-ping. Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn elements and climatic change in the loess-paleosol profile at Qishan, Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2001, 21(2):151-156.]
[79]	庞奖励, 黄春长. 一万年以来西安地区古土壤特征与气候波动变化研究[J]. 高原气象,2003,22(1):79-83. [PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang. Study on paleosol features in Xi'an area and climatic change during the last 10000 years[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2003, 22(1):79-83.]
[80]	贾耀锋, 庞奖励. 关中盆地东部全新世剖面粒度组成与气候变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠,2004,24(2):153-155. [JIA Yao-feng, PANG Jiang-li. Composition characteristics of grain size and suggesting paleoclimate at Liwan section in eastern Guanzhong basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(2):153-155.]
[81]	黄春长, 延军平, 马进福,等. 渭河阶地全新世成壤过程及人类因素研究[J]. 陕西师范大学学报自然科学版,1997,25(2):72-76. [HUANG Chun-chang, YAN Jun-ping, MA Jin-fu, et al. Pedological processes and human dimensions on Weihe river plain in Holocene[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1997, 25(2):72-76.]
[82]	庞奖励, 黄春长. 黄土-古土壤序列的典型微结构与1万年来的环境演化——以关中地区的全新世黄土剖面为例[J]. 吉林大学学报地球科学版,2002,32(3):268-272. [PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang. Typical micromorphological features of the loess-palaeosol sequence and environmental change during last 10000 years[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2002, 32(3):268-272.]
[83]	李小强, 周卫建, 安芷生, 等. 沙漠-黄土过渡带13 kaBP以来季风演化的古植被记录[J]. 植物学报,2000,42(8):868-872. [LI Xiao-qiang, ZHOU Wei-jian, AN Zhi-sheng, et al. The palaeovegetation record of monsoon evolution in the desert-loess transition zone for the last 13 kaBP[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2000, 42(8):868-872.]
[84]	Chen F H, Wu W, Holmes J A, et al. A mid-Holocene drought interval as evidenced by lake desiccation in the Alashan Plateau, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(14):1401-1410.