HISTORY OF HEAVY ELEMENTS IN THE LAST 250 YEARS RECORDED BY SEDIMENTS IN HUGUANG MAAR LAKE (HUGUANGYAN)
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摘要: 以湖光岩玛珥湖为研究对象,在放射性核素137Cs和210Pb精确定年的基础上,分析了沉积岩心柱中重金属元素V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb的垂直变化特征,探讨了近250年来湖泊沉积物重金属的污染历史,并利用富集系数法和地质累积指数法评价了重金属的污染程度。结果表明:1880年前,各元素含量基本保持稳定;1880-1920年,Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb含量增加可能与这一时期工业发展及战争有关;20世纪20年代Pb含量突然增加反映了全球含铅汽油的使用;Zn元素含量在1950年增加及20世纪70年代后期的明显增大,分别与新中国建立后工业的发展及中国改革开放后工业活动的显著增加相一致;1975-1990年,Pb含量的增加很可能与1978年改革后开放工业和交通发展有关;表层V、Zn、Pb元素含量的减少可能与80年代后环保事业的发展有关。V、Ni、Cu、Zn受人类活动影响较小,基本上属于无污染或轻微污染状态,Pb在20世纪20年代前为无污染或轻微污染,20年代后为中等程度的污染。Abstract: The Huguang Maar Lake(110°17'E,21°9'N) located in the southwest of Zhangjiang, Guangdong Province, belongs to the Leiqiong Volcanic Field. This paper is focused on the historic changes of heavy metals(V,Ni,Cu,Zn,and Pb) concentrations in sediments of the Huguang Maar Lake for the last 250 years. The environmental implication of heavy metals from core sediments was given by 137Cs and 210Pb isotope dating methods for the purpose of discussing the characteristic changes of heavy metals. Four stages of the heavy metal concentrations are recognized.Before 1880,concentrations of all heavy metals except V kept steady. From 1880 to 1920,concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb increased, which could be related to the industrial development and the wars during the period. In 1920s the increase of Pb may reflect the wide use of Pb alkyl additives in gasoline. From 1975 to 1990, the content of Pb increased quickly mainly due to reform and opening-up, which caused the development of industry and transportation. The geo-accumulation index(Igeo) and the enrichment factors(EF) were used to assess their contamination levels. The results showed that the concentrations of V,Ni,Cu,and Zn were slightly influenced by human activities,and the Igeo and EF reveal that these metals were considered as "unpolluted to mild polluted". Pb was considered as "unpolluted to mild polluted" before 1920s and "moderately polluted" after 1920s.
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Keywords:
- heavy metals /
- sediment core /
- Huguang Maar Lake (Huguangyan)
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