An integrated study of "source to sink" process for runoff and sediment discharge of the Yalu River drainage and influence factors
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摘要: 以鸭绿江流域为尺度，对鸭绿江流域上中下游水沙数据进行综合性分析。结果显示：鸭绿江流域径流量中游比上游年径流量增加一倍左右，下游比上游的年径流量增加倍数为一个数量级以上；大部分年份下游的年输沙量小于上游；随着中下游水利工程等人类活动的加剧，鸭绿江下游径流量和输沙量都有阶段性的减少，年际径流量和年际输沙量差异幅度逐渐增大，且输沙量减小的幅度和年际差异幅度比径流量更大，尤其是自20世纪60年代中期以来人类活动对输沙量影响比较显著。结合ENSO事件特征，指出气候变化引起的降雨量的减少是直接影响流域径流量减少的主要原因，也一定程度上造成了流域输沙量的减少。Abstract: Taking the drainage basin of the Yalu river as a whole, this paper makes an integrated study of water and sediment discharges for the upstream, midstream and downstream of the river respectively. Results show that the annual runoff of the midstream is about two times higher than that of the upstream, and the annual runoff of the downstream is in an order of magnitude higher than that of the upstream. In most of the years, the amount of sediment in the downstream is less than that in the upstream. With the effects of the human activities such as the construction of water conservation projects in the middle and lower reaches, the downstream runoff and sediment transport of the Yalu river are stepwisely reducing. The difference between annual runoff and inter-annual sediment yield increases gradually, and the decrease and annual difference of sediment transport volume is greater than that of runoff. Especially since the mid-1960s, human activities have become stronger and rendered significant impacts on sediment transport. According to the characteristics of ENSO event, the decrease in rainfall influenced by climate change is the main cause of the decrease in runoff, and to some extent, effecting the decrease in sediment transport.
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图 2 鸭绿江长白站、通化站、荒沟站年径流量变化
Figure 2. The annual runoff changes at Changbai station, Tonghua station, and Huanggou station along Yalu river
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图 6 鸭绿江下游年径流量年际变化及其累计距平均值变化
Figure 6. The annual runoff changes and its cumulative average distance of the downstream of Yalu River
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图 7 鸭绿江临江站、荒沟站年输沙量变化对比
Figure 7. The comparision of the annual variations of the sediment discharge at Linjiang station and Huanggou station
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图 8 鸭绿江上游十四道沟站、临江站输沙量的年际变化
Figure 8. The annual changes in sediment discharge at the Shisidaogou station and Linjiang station in upstream basin of Yalu River
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图 9 鸭绿江下游及河口段悬沙扩散分布图[57]
Figure 9. The suspended sediment distribution in the downstream and estuary of Yalu River
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图 10 鸭绿江下游输沙量与径流量的年际变化[52]
Figure 10. The annual changes in the sediment discharge and runoff in the downstream of Yalu River
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图 11 鸭绿江下游及河口段底质中值粒径分布图[57]
Figure 11. The median grain size distribution of the sediment in downstream and estuary of Yalu River
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图 12 鸭绿江荒沟站年径流量和年输沙量的阶段性变化
Figure 12. The stepwise variation in the annual runoff and the annual sediment discharge at Huanggou station
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图 13 鸭绿江长白站、通化站、荒沟站年径流量变化及ENSO事件强弱特征
Figure 13. The annual runoff changes at Changbai station, Tonghua station, Huanggou station along Yalu river and the strength of the ENSO events
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图 15 北黄海表层沉积物物源分析
Figure 15. The source analysis of surface sediment in the North Yellow Sea
表 1 鸭绿江口单位样品粒度分析[60]
Table 1 The unit sample particle size analysis of Yalu River estuary
采样区域 采样个数 细砂/% 粉砂/% 黏土/% 说明 三角洲滩地 6 83.5 6.3 10.2 采自西汊道东西边滩下部(低潮线附近) 潮沟底质 4 76.9 13.9 7.2 采自港区入海航道和东港市潮沟 鸭绿江单位水样 23 25.8 53.9 20.3 荒沟水文站多年洪水期水样数据 鸭绿江航道底砂1 4 80.6 19.0 0.4 枯水期斗流蒲航道清淤船上采集 鸭绿江航道底砂2 6 76.5 22.6 0.9 平水期中水道采砂船上采集 
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