渤海西部浅水区拖缆与OBC地震资料联合多次波压制技术研究及应用

Research and application of joint multiple attenuation technology for towed streamer and OBC seismic data in the shallow waters of the western Bohai Sea

  • 摘要: 针对渤海西部极浅水区(水深<30 m)强反射海底导致的多类型多次波发育、传统单一数据源压制方法在炮点端多次波建模精度低、振幅保真性差等方面的不足,本文提出了一种拖缆与海底电缆(OBC)地震资料的联合多次波压制技术。该方法基于“分步协同、迭代优化”的策略,综合利用拖缆数据的高信噪比特性与OBC双检数据的波场分离优势。首先在拖缆数据中采用DWD(水层相关多次波压制)与3D SRME(地表相关多次波压制)方法压制多次波,以其反射波场作为高精度的一次波模型;进而将此模型与OBC下行波场进行褶积,精准预测炮点端自由表面多次波;最终通过曲波域自适应减法实现有效压制。在渤海三维资料的实际应用表明,该联合方法有效解决了浅水区炮点端多次波建模精度低的问题,使多次波能量得到显著衰减,OBC数据一次波识别精度大幅提升。此项技术不仅为后续宽频融合与高精度成像提供了优质数据,而且对浅水复杂油气藏的勘探开发具有重要的实践价值与推广意义。

     

    Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional single-data-source suppression, such as low modeling accuracy and poor amplitude fidelity for multiple waves at shot points in the ultra-shallow waters (<30 m depth) of the western Bohai Sea, where strong seabed reflections lead to the development of various multiple wave types, we proposed a joint multiple wave suppression technique in combination of towed-streamer and ocean-bottom cable (OBC) seismic data. Based on the strategy of “stepwise collaboration and iterative optimization”, this method leverages the high signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of towed-streamer data and the wavefield separation advantages of OBC double-check data. First, multiple waves are suppressed in the towed-streamer data using DWD (water-layer correlation multiple wave suppression) and 3D SRME (surface correlation multiple wave suppression) methods, with their reflected wavefields that serve as high-precision primary wave models. These models are then convolved with the downgoing wavefield of OBC data to accurately predict free-surface multiples at shot points. Finally, effective suppression is achieved through curvelet-domain adaptive subtraction. Practical application on 3D data from the Bohai Sea demonstrates that this joint method could effectively resolve the bottleneck of low modeling accuracy for multiples at shot points in shallow waters, which significantly attenuated multiple wave energy and greatly improved primary wave identification accuracy in OBC data. This technology not only provides a high-quality data foundation for subsequent broadband integration and high-precision imaging, but also holds significant practical value and broad applicability for the exploration and development of complex shallow-water hydrocarbon reservoirs.

     

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