马克兰增生楔变形前缘天然气输导体系组合类型及地质意义

Combination types and geological significance of natural gas transport system in the deformed front of the Makran accretionary prism

  • 摘要: 马克兰增生楔作为阿拉伯板块与欧亚板块低角度俯冲作用下形成的全球规模最大的增生楔系统,蕴藏着丰富的天然气资源;其变形前缘构造活动强烈,发育巨厚沉积和复杂构造组合,如叠瓦状逆冲断层、小断距正断层、背驮式盆地、气烟囱及滑脱面等。这些构造单元对天然气的输导和成藏起到重要作用。本文基于地震勘探资料和前人研究成果,系统总结该海域天然气的输导体系组合类型。研究结果表明,天然气主要通过三类输导体系运移:(1) 变形区深部输导体系:深部滑脱面与逆冲断层为深部流体向上运移至浅部地层提供关键的垂向运输通道;(2) 浅层侧向输导体系:气体沿逆冲断层运移至浅部后,进入浅部的高渗透性浊积砂体,侧向运移并富集于构造高部位,在天然气水合物稳定域之下形成天然气藏;(3) 未变形区输导体系:以半远洋沉积物中的不整合面、小断距正断层以及气烟囱为主要运移通道,促使气体在浅部地层中成藏。本文分析揭示了马克兰增生楔前缘复杂的天然气输导网络,为该区天然气资源的勘探评价提供关键地质依据。

     

    Abstract: The Makran accretionary prism, as the world’s largest accretionary prism formed by low angle subduction of the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, contains abundant natural gas resources. Its deformation front is characterized by strong tectonic activity, with the development of thick sediments and complex structural combinations, such as imbricate thrust faults, small displacement normal faults, piggyback basins, gas chimneys, and décollement surface. These geological structures play an important role in the transportation and accumulation of natural gas. Based on seismic data and previous studies, we systematically categorized the natural gas migration systems of this region. Results indicate that natural gas is mainly transported through three types of transport systems: (1) deep transport systems in deformed zones: décollement and deep thrust faults act as primary vertical pathways, facilitating the upward transportation of deep fluids to shallow formations; (2) shallow lateral transport systems: after gas migrates along the thrust fault to the shallow part, it laterally migrates and accumulates in the high permeability turbidite sands in the piggyback basin, forming a natural gas reservoir under the stable domain of natural gas hydrates; (3) the transport system in the undeformed zone: it mainly consists of unconformities, small normal faults, and associated gas chimneys in hemipelagic sediments, which promote gas accumulation in shallow strata. This study revealed the complex natural gas transport network at the front edge of the Makran accretionary prism, and provided key geological evidence for the exploration and evaluation of potential and prospects of natural gas resources in the area.

     

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