黄河三角洲近海风电场对海表悬浮沉积物时空分布的影响及其环境效应

Impact of the offshore wind farm off the Yellow River Delta on temporal and spatial distribution of sea surface suspended sediment and causative environmental effects

  • 摘要: 黄河三角洲海域建设了大规模的海上风电场,但其对沉积物输运的影响及环境效应的相关研究还未见报道。本文基于多源遥感数据与自主研发的尾流识别算法,分析风电场建设对周边海域悬浮沉积物时空分布及生态环境的影响。结果表明,风机下游形成高悬浮沉积物浓度(Suspended Sediment Concentration, SSC)尾流(年均值达160 g/m3,是邻近区域的1~2倍),冬季SSC较夏季高100~400 g/m3,单风机引起的SSC海表空间净积分冬季强度较夏季高2—3个数量级。潮流-基桩相互作用产生的底部剪应力是沉积物再悬浮的主导因素,因此尾流方向与等深线及潮流走向平行。在风机尾流处,叶绿素a浓度与SSC呈现明显的负相关,夏季海表温度显著降低。本研究量化了海上风电场对沉积物输运及生态环境的影响,为海上风电场的建设及维护提供了理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Extensive offshore wind farm construction has taken place off the Yellow River Delta, yet its influence on sediment dynamics and related environmental impacts remains poorly understood. Based on remote sensing data from multiple sources, we developed an algorithm for turbid wake identification to investigate how offshore wind farm affects the spatiotemporal distribution of sea surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and associated ecological parameters. Results reveal persistent high-SSC wakes downstream of wind turbines, and the annual mean concentrations reached 160 g/m3, which is 1-2 times higher than surrounding waters, and winter values exceeding summer by 100~400 g/m3. In winter, turbine-induced net sea-surface-integrated SSC was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than in summer. Sediment resuspension is primarily driven by interactions between tidal current and piles, which align wakes with prevailing isobaths and tidal flows. Within these wakes, chlorophyll-a concentrations exhibit a strong negative correlation with SSC, while significant sea surface temperature reductions are observed during summer. This study provided theoretical basis for the quantification of offshore wind farm impacts on sediment transport and surface ecological conditions in this region, and the theoretical basis for the construction and maintenance of offshore wind farms.

     

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