东南太平洋鲍尔海盆深海沉积物中钙十字沸石的微观矿物学特征及其成因指示意义

Textures and compositions of phillipsites from cored sediments, Bauer Basin, Southeast Pacific: implications for genesis

  • 摘要: 东南太平洋鲍尔海盆独特的地质构造环境为深海沉积物中沸石的形成与保存提供了有利条件,沸石的种类、分布和赋存状态能够反映沉积环境、元素迁移、成岩作用和热液活动特征,相关矿物学研究可以揭示海底的热液历史、成矿条件和局部地质演化过程。本文利用沉积物涂片、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜分析等方法,对取自鲍尔海盆两个柱状沉积物中的深海沸石进行了矿物学特征和化学成分分析,结果表明,沉积物中的沸石矿物均为钙十字沸石,以富钾亚种为主,含有少量富钠和富钙亚种;沸石矿物的尺寸和形态多样;沸石伴生矿物主要是重晶石、毒重石、长石、方解石、磷灰石、铁锰(氢)氧化物、黏土矿物,碱性长石以透长石为主,斜长石以中长石、拉长石为主,黏土矿物以蒙皂石、伊利石族为主;根据微观形貌、矿物成分和共生组合,可以将钙十字沸石划分为深海沉积型、生物沉积型和热液沉积型三大类,各类沸石在沉积后经历了不同程度的溶解、压实等地质作用,研究结果深化了对深海沉积物中钙十字沸石成因的认识。

     

    Abstract: Zeolite is an abundant component of pelagic sediments and the occurrence of zeolite minerals in submarine environments has been the topic of considerable discussion in mineralogical research. Sediment samples were collected from subseafloor cores CJ09 and CJ14 drilled during the DY46 Expedition in the East Southern Pacific Ocean in 2018, the occurrence, composition, and texture of dominant zeolite minerals were analyzed and characterized using polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Results show that phillipsite was the unique zeolite subgroup and phillipsite-K is the dominant species, and they coexisted with other minerals, including calcite, smectite, illite, sanidine, andesine, labradorite, apatite, barite, and witherite, also small amounts of phillipsite-Na, phillipsite-K, and abundant iron manganese (hydr) oxides. The phillipsites vary in shape from straight columnar, rossete, cruciform twinning to radiating or irregular aggregates; most crystals are prismatic or spherulitic, 10~200 μm in diameter, and generally show well-developed crystal terminations around their periphery. In addition, their genetic types were summarized in elemental composition, microtexture, and mineral association. These analyses provide detailed information of the precursor materials, media solutions, occurrences, and origins of the phillipsites.

     

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