Abstract: Palynological analysis plays an important role in paralic paleoenvironment reconstruction. For further understanding of the Cenozoic sedimentary environment changes, and supporting the establishment of regional stratigraphic framework, the pollen and spore assemblages were identified systemically from core QJD10 in Qiongbei Basin, Hainan Island. Based on clastic quartz ESR (electron spin resonance) dating, the sedimentary environmental evolution was reconstructed with the sedimentary characteristics and the palynological record. A total of 121 families and genera of pollen and spores were identified from core QJD10. There are 3 assemblage zones and 6 subzones categorized according to its variation. With the dating data, sedimentary characteristics, and the distribution of marine microfossils dinoflagellates and foraminifera, the fluctuations of pollen and spores from core QJD10 recorded the sedimentary environment changes from marine to continental facies, which experienced from delta to unbarriered coast, and then to lake, and finally exposed to erosion in Qiongbei Basin during the late Cenozoic. In the nearshore environment, the palynological concentration is relatively high, with an absolute dominance of tropical and subtropical woody plant pollen components such as Quercus-evergreen and Pinus, whereas in the offshore environment, the palynological concentration is much lower, and featured with higher fern spores components. Moreover, the palynological record in core QJD10 could reflect the changes of hydrodynamic environment. The high content of fern spores and the dramatic decline of general palynological concentration in 238.30～123.40 m, as well as the abrupt increase of palynological concentration in 199.90～189.00 m indicates a high-energy hydrodynamic environment, which might be affected by the paleocurrent across the Qiongzhou Strait. The palynological records from core QJD10 reflect the sedimentary environmental evolution during the late Cenozoic in Qiongbei Basin, and provid an important reference for the regional stratigraphic work.