Distribution and origination of rare earth elements in surface sediments of the Bohai Strait
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摘要:
对渤海海峡383个站位表层沉积物的稀土元素进行了系统分析，旨在揭示其分布特征、影响因素、主要物质来源以及迁移机制。结果表明：渤海海峡沉积物稀土元素总量（∑REE）为44.85～283.00 μg/g，平均含量为166.33 μg/g，高值区主要分布在沉积物粒度较细的西部和南部海域，低值区分布在沉积物粒度较粗的东北部海域，呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特点。通过对∑REE以及部分特征参数与粒度、化学蚀变指数和部分元素进行相关性分析，发现∑REE与沉积物粒度平均粒径呈正相关，指示研究区稀土分布与沉积物粒度和物源密切相关。渤海海峡稀土元素的上地壳和球粒陨石配分模式与黄河及辽东湾河流物质具有相似性，表现出较强的陆源性特征，而与鸭绿江和朝鲜半岛河流差异较大，表明物源主要来自中国大陆。利用球粒陨石标准化计算的δEu-(La/Yb)N和 (Gd/Yb)N-(La/Yb)N指标进行物源判别，结果显示渤海海峡物质主要来源于黄河，而研究区东北部则为黄河与辽东湾河流混合来源。辽东湾环流及渤海沿岸流的共同作用影响了渤海海峡的沉积格局。
Abstract:To understand the material exchange between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the distribution and origination of rare earth elements (REE) in surface sediments from 383 stations in the Bohai Strait were studied, the influencing factors, main sources of materials, and migration mechanisms of the REE were analyzed systematically. Results indicate that the total REE content (∑REE) in the sediments of the Bohai Strait ranges from 44.85 to 283.00 μg/g, on average o of 166.33 μg/g. The high-value areas were distributed in mainly the western and southern sea areas with finer sediments, while the low-value areas were located in the northeastern sea areas with coarser sediments, showing characteristics of light REE enrichment and heavy REE depletion. Correlation analysis between ∑REE and certain characteristic parameters to grain size, chemical index of alteration (CIA), and some elements, we found that ∑REE is positively correlated with sediment mean grain size, indicating a close relationship between REE distribution and sediment grain size / provenance. The distribution patterns of REEs in the upper continental crust and chondritic meteorites in the Bohai Strait show similarities with the material carried by the Huanghe (Yellow) River and rivers surrounding the Liaodong Bay, indicating a distinct terrigenous imprint of riverine materials. In contrast, there are significant differences with the Yalu River and rivers in the Korean Peninsula, indicating that the primary source of the material is from the Chinese mainland. Using the standardized calculation of δEu-(La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N-(La/Yb)N indices based on chondritic meteorites, source discrimination was conducted. The results indicate that the material in the Bohai Strait mainly originates from the Huanghe River, while in the northeastern sea areas of the Bohai Strait, it is a mixture of the Huanghe River and rivers surrounding the Liaodong Bay. The combined effect of Liaodong Bay circulation and Bohai Sea coastal current affects the sedimentary patterns in the Bohai Strait.
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Keywords:
- surface sediment /
- rare earth elements /
- provenance /
- Bohai Strait
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图 1 研究区地理位置（a）及取样站位分布（b）
a图中棕色区域表示渤海泥质区，黄色箭头代表黄河物质扩散方向，黑色箭头代表全年海流流向，紫色箭头代表夏季环流方向，蓝色箭头代表冬季环流方向，环流改绘自文献[24]；b图中黑色圆点代表研究区站位。
Figure 1. Geographic location of the study area (a) and the distribution of sampling points (b)
The brown block indicates the muddy zone of the Bohai Sea, the yellow arrow represents the direction of diffusion of the Yellow River material, the black arrow represents the direction of year-round current flow, the purple arrow represents the direction of the summer circulation, the blue arrow represents the direction of the winter circulation, the circulation is from reference [24], and the black dots represent the stations in the study area.
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图 2 研究区表层沉积物REE特征参数
Figure 2. The distribution of characteristic parameters of rare earth elements in the surface sediments
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图 3 渤海海峡及河流沉积物稀土元素平均值与球粒陨石（a）和上陆壳（UCC）（b）标准化配分曲线
辽东湾河流数据引自张现荣等[37]，黄河引自杨守业等[38]，鸭绿江引自严杰等[39]，汉江、锦江河流引自赵一阳等[33]。
Figure 3. The chondrite-normalized (a) and UCC-normalized (b) patterns of the REE in the surface sediments from the Bohai Strait and rivers
The data of Liaodong Bay rivers are from Zhang Xianrong et al.[37], Yellow River from Yang Shouye et al.[38], Yalu River from Yan Jie et al.[39], The Han River and the Keum River data are from Zhao Yiyang et al.[33].
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图 4 表层沉积物样品中平均粒径、CIA、∑REE、Fe、Al、Ti、Mn、δEu、(Gd/Yb)N以及(La/Yb)N之间的相关性
Figure 4. Correlation among Mz, CIA, ∑REE, Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, δEu, (Gd/Yb)N and (La/Yb)N for the surface sediment samples
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图 5 (Gd/Yb)N-(La/Yb)N、δEu-(La/Yb)N物源判别图
Figure 5. Discrimination of sediment provenance using δEu-(La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N-(La/Yb)N
表 1 渤海海峡表层沉积物稀土元素含量（μg/g）与特征参数
Table 1 Rare earth element content (μg/g) and characteristic parameters of surface sediments in the Bohai Strait
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y 平均值 30.90 59.99 7.14 26.99 4.90 0.99 4.34 0.66 3.78 0.76 2.18 0.34 2.21 0.35 20.81 最大值 54.1 108 12.7 47.5 8.59 1.34 7.18 1.07 6.09 1.22 3,6 0.59 3.92 0.62 33.8 最小值 6.47 15.1 1.89 8.18 1.84 0.32 1.45 0.21 1.19 0.24 0.68 0.11 0.76 0.12 6.29 标准偏差 6.54 13.06 1.43 5.55 1.03 0.16 0.92 0.14 0.83 0.16 0.51 0.08 0.51 0.08 4.31 ΣREE LREE HREE LREE/HREE (La/Yb)N (Gd/Yb)N δEu δCe 平均值 166.33 130.91 35.43 3.71 141.05 23.68 0.67 0.97 最大值 283.00 232.20 56.82 5.17 236.13 31.62 0.80 1.04 最小值 44.85 33.80 11.05 2.58 85.13 18.81 0.52 0.86 标准偏差 34.72 27.67 7.47 0.29 13.01 1.54 0.05 0.02 
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表 2 渤海海峡表层沉积物各组分的相关关系（n=383）
Table 2 Correlation among the components of surface sediment in the Bohai Strait（n=383）
ΣREE MZ Zr Th Cr Co Rb Sr Ti ΣREE 1 MZ 0.502** 1 Zr 0.780** 0.261** 1 Th 0.941** 0.594** 0.743** 1 Cr 0.888** 0.709** 0.640** 0.879** 1 Co 0.394** 0.234** −0.065 0.309** 0.375** 1 Rb 0.670** 0.716** 0.400** 0.721** 0.813** 0.434** 1 Sr 0.187** −0.390** 0.108* 0.006 0.07 0.212** −0.038 1 Ti 0.878 0.620 0.734 0.834 0.936 0.218 0.693 0.117 1 注：**在0.01级别相关性显著， *在0.05级别相关性显著。
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