Progress and prospects of coastal geological work at Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology
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摘要:
海岸带是地球多圈层交互带内地质作用最活跃、人类活动最密集的地带，是开展综合地质调查与研究、推动经济社会高质量发展的关键区域。青岛海洋地质研究所的海岸带地质工作自建所以来，一直按照支撑国家需求和服务经济社会发展为导向，主要经历了萌芽发展、快速发展、蓬勃发展3个阶段。作为中国地质调查局海岸带工作的主要牵头单位之一，组织实施了一系列海岸带地质调查工作，特别是在辽东湾、渤海湾西岸、黄河三角洲、莱州湾、山东半岛、江苏沿岸、长江三角洲、闽浙沿岸等海岸带地区开展了重大比例尺的调查，大幅提高了我国海岸带调查程度，提升了海岸带基础地质认知水平，充分发挥了地质工作基础性、公益性、战略性的作用，为国家重大战略实施和经济社会高质量发展提供了有力支撑。新时代条件下，我们应大力加强海岸带地质科技创新能力，全面提高海岸带基础地质调查程度，加快建设海岸带地质综合监测体系，快速提升海岸带工作公益服务水平，推动海岸带地质工作高质量发展。
Abstract:The coastal zone is the most active geological zone within the Earth’s multiple lithospheric interactions and the most densely populated area with frequent human activities. It is a key region for conducting comprehensive geological surveys and research, and promoting high-quality economic and social development. Since the establishment of the coastal geological work in the institute, it has always been guided to support national needs from economic and social development, and has mainly gone through three stages of initial development, rapid development, and vigorous development. As one of the main leading units of the coastal zone work of the China Geological Survey, a series of coastal geological surveys and mappings in different scales have been organized and implemented, especially in coastal areas in Liaodong Bay, the western coast of Bohai Bay, the Yellow River Delta, Laizhou Bay, Shandong Peninsula, Jiangsu coast, Yangtze River Delta, and the coast of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. Significant large-scale surveys have been conducted, greatly improving the level of coastal geological surveys in China, enhancing the basic geological understanding of the coastal zone, fully playing the fundamental, public welfare, and strategic roles of geological work, and providing strong supports for the implementation of major national strategies and high-quality economic and social development. In the new era, we should vigorously strengthen the geological scientific and technological innovation capabilities for the coastal zones, comprehensively improve the level of basic geological surveys in China’s coastal zones, accelerate the construction of a comprehensive geological monitoring system in the national coastal areas, rapidly enhance the public welfare service level of coastal zone works, and promote the high-quality development of geological work in the coastal regions of China.
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Keywords:
- coastal zone /
- development history /
- major achievement /
- future work /
- technical innovation
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图 2 江苏北部近岸海区中-晚全新世水下楔形体及上覆的老黄河三角洲演化示意图
a: 在约7 ka全新世中期出现最大海泛面时，海岸线位于西岗贝壳堤附近，淮河三角洲和西岗砂堤开始发育；b: 约7 ka至 1128AD期间，淮河三角洲逐渐发育向海进积，形成近岸三角洲和水下楔形体（主要物源来自淮河和长江），同时在潮流和波浪作用下形成东岗砂堤；c: 1128－1855AD，黄河夺淮自苏北入海，形成了具有“双楔形体”结构的老黄河三角洲。改自文献 [46]。
Figure 2. Schematic diagram showing the development of the Middle-Late Holocene clinoform and the overlying Old Yellow River Delta
a: The coastline was located near the embryonic Xigang Chenier during the Middle Holocene maximum flooding at ～7.0 ka, which marked the initiation of development of the Huaihe River delta and the Xigang Chenier; b: During the period from ～7.0 ka to 1128 AD, the Huaihe River delta and a subaqueous clinoform were developed, and sediments were supplied from mainly the Huaihe and Yangtze rivers. The Donggang Chenier began to form at 3.5 ka and continued to develop until 1128 AD; c: During the period from 1128 to 1855 AD, the Old Yellow River discharged into the South Yellow Sea, forming the Old Yellow River Delta, a subaerial-subaqueous delta. Modified after reference [46].
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图 5 滨海湿地不同水体和植被的δD和δ18O关系
Figure 5. The relationship between δD and δ18O in different water bodies and vegetation in coastal wetlands
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图 7 盐城增温观测站甲烷监测对比实验（左），以及净生态系统二氧化碳交换（NEE）、生态系统呼吸（Reco）、甲烷（CH4）通量的季节性变化
Figure 7. Results of comparison experiment on methane monitoring at Yancheng Warming Observation Station (left), as well as seasonal changes in net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange, ecosystem respiration, and methane flux
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