Paleogene sedimentary paleoenvironmental reconstruction and its petroleum geological significance in Western Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要:
近年来，珠江口盆地白云西凹不断有勘探发现，但对沉积古环境的特征研究较少，缺乏针对古近纪沉积古环境的系统重建，不利于研究区下一步的勘探评价。为系统恢复研究区古近纪的古气候、古水深、古地貌等古环境信息，利用研究区内古生物、地球物理测井、地球化学及岩石物性等资料建立定量恢复古环境 的方法。结果表明，在文昌组到珠海组时期，古降水及古气温均下降，受拆离断层活动由强变弱的影响，古地貌不断夷平变缓，古水深中心也不断减少并向白云主洼迁移，整体表现为窄深湖-宽缓湖-广浅湖的演化模式。文昌组时期，白云西凹气候温暖潮湿，有机质供给充足，地貌较陡，早期发育多个深水洼陷，物源供给呈多点联合近源供源，多个水深中心均可发育中深湖相烃源岩，晚期水深中心向洼陷中心汇聚，物源供给呈双向联合相对远源供给特征，具备发育汇聚型水深中心的中浅湖相烃源岩条件。恩平组到珠海组时期，气温下降后期转为温凉气候，地貌夷平，水体变浅，水深中心进一步汇聚，物源供给由盆内供给向盆内盆外联合远源供给转变，有机质供给相对较弱，水深中心发育浅湖相烃源岩。古环境的定量重建成果对研究白云西凹湖盆演化、源汇系统以及优质烃源岩预测具有重要意义，为后期区域油气勘探提供一定理论依据。
Abstract:In recent years, there have been continuous discoveries and exploration in the Western Baiyun Sag, PRMB (The Pearl River Mouth Basin). However, few studies have been conducted on the characteristics of sedimentary paleoenvironment and there is a lack of systematic reconstruction, which could hinder future exploration of the study area. To systematically reconstruct the Paleogene paleoenvironment including paleoclimate, paleowater depth, and ancient landform, quantitative paleoenvironmental recovery methods were developed based on the paleontology, geophysical logging, geochemical and rock physical properties data of the study area. Results show that, from the Wenchang Formation to the Zhuhai Formation, both paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature decreased, ancient landforms continue to flatten and then stabilized due to the weakening detachment fault activity, and the paleowater depth centers were gradually reduced and migrated to the Baiyun Sag, showing an evolution pattern of from narrow deep basin to wide gentle basin and to wide shallow basin. During the period of the Wenchang Formation, the climate of the Western Baiyun Sag was warm and humid, the supply of organic matter was sufficient. Steeper terrain and several deep-water lakes were developed in the early stage. Material supply is from multi-point combined with near-source supply, which resulted in hydrocarbon sources in medium-deep multi-deepwater-centered lake facies, while in the late stage, the deep-water centers merged, and the supply of sources showed a bi-directional source joined with relatively far sources, which resulted in the medium-shallow lake-facies hydrocarbon source rocks with converging deep-water centers. During the period from the Enping Formation to the Zhuhai Formation, the temperature decreased, and a cooler climate occurred in the late stage. The landform underwent flattening, while the water became shallower. The paleowater depth centers further converged. Source supply changes from intra-basin to intra-and-inter-basin distant source, with relatively less organic matter supply. As a result, there were poorly developed, shallow lake-facies hydrocarbon source rocks in paleowater depth centers. The quantitative reconstruction of paleoenvironment have significant implications for studying the evolution of the lake basin, the source-sink system, and predicting high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Western Baiyun Sag, which will serve as a theoretical foundation for the later stages of regional oil and gas exploration.
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图 4 白云西凹古气候恢复结果
a：PY25井古气候定量恢复曲线，b：白云西凹古气温恢复结果趋势图，c：白云西凹古降水恢复结果趋势图。
Figure 4. Paleoclimatic restoration in the Western Baiyun Sag
a: Quantitative paleoclimatic restoration curve of well PY25, b: trend chart of paleotemperature restoration in the Western Baiyun Sag, c: trend chart of paleoprecipitation restoration in the Western Baiyun Sag.
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图 5 白云西凹古水深恢复结果
a：早文昌组时期，b：晚文昌组时期，c：恩平组时期，d：珠海组时期。
Figure 5. Paleowater depth restoration in the Western Baiyun Sag
a: The early Wenchang Stage, b: the late Wenchang Stage, c: Enping Stage, d: Zhuhai Stage.
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图 6 白云西凹古地貌恢复结果
a：早文昌组时期，b：晚文昌组时期，c：恩平组时期，d：珠海组时期。
Figure 6. Paleogeomorphology restoration in the Western Baiyun Sag
a: The early Wenchang Stage, b: the late Wenchang Stage, c: Enping Stage, d: Zhuhai Stage.
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图 7 古气候-古水深-古地貌一体化耦合图
a：张裂期（文昌组早期），b：拆离期（文昌组晚期），c：断拗转换-裂后热沉降期（恩平组-珠海组期）。
Figure 7. Integrated coupled paleoclimate-paleohydrology-paleomorphology map
a:Rifting stage (early Wenchang), b: detachment stage (late Wenchang), c: fault-depression transition stage (Enping to Zhuhai periods).
表 1 白云西凹及周缘钻井孢粉-古气候恢复结果统计
Table 1 Statistics of palynological-paleoclimatic recovery results from drilling wells in Western Baiyun Sag and surrounding areas
井名 层段 古气温平均值/℃ 年降水平均值/mm BY13 珠海组 19.7 1361 恩平组 22.5 1375 BY7 珠海组 18.7 1403 恩平组 22.5 1549 EP30 珠海组 19.3 1272 恩平组 19.5 1274 KP11 珠海组 18.8 1444 恩平组 22.3 1447 文昌组 23 1450 LF7 珠海组 15.4 1075 恩平组 19.9 1321 文昌组 23.5 1457 PY25 珠海组 17.3 1443 恩平组 21.2 1446 文昌组 23.2 1368 PY33 珠海组 18 1199 恩平组 20.9 1356 PY5 珠海组 15.1 1487 恩平组 25.6 1760 文昌组 26.7 1785 
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