Variations in the length and weight of Noelaerhabdaceae coccolith in the Late Quaternary tropical Western Pacific and their influencing factors
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摘要: 选取热带西太平洋暖池北部边缘西菲律宾海本哈姆高原（Benham Rise）MD06-3050站位的柱状样沉积物样品，利用双向圆偏光法拍摄并合成图像，通过SYRACO人工智能软件自动识别并测量和计算Noelaerhabdaceae科颗石的平均长度和平均质量。研究结果显示，自35万年以来，Noelaerhabdaceae科平均颗石长度和质量的变化趋势具有较强的相似性，两者的冰期/间冰期变化特征均不明显。根据颗石长度和质量计算得到的颗石钙化作用指标曲线与前两者的变化趋势也存在一定的相似性，说明研究海区颗石的平均质量和长度均可作为指示颗石藻钙化作用程度的指标。通过与冰芯记录的大气pCO2变化曲线进行对比，发现在大气pCO2浓度较高的冰期终止期以及间冰期早期，该科颗石的钙化作用相对较低，表明pCO2在一定程度上影响了颗石藻的钙化作用。此外，对颗石的平均长度和质量进行23 ka周期滤波，两滤波曲线的变化与北纬15°夏季平均日照辐射曲线的变化较为一致，指示了地球天文轨道参数对颗石藻演化的调控作用。Abstract: Sediment samples from core MD06-3050 in the Benham Rise in the Western Philippine Sea at the northern edge of the tropical Western Pacific Warm Pool were selected for Family Noelaerhabdaceae coccolith size analyses. Images were taken and synthesized using bidirectional circular polarization method. The average coccolith length and weight were automatically identified and measured by SYRACO artificial intelligence software. Results show that the average coccolith length and weight show strong similarities in the last 350000 years, with no obvious glacial-interglacial changes. The coccolith calcification index was estimated based on the length and weight of coccolith, and shows the same patterns of the morphological parameters, but presents a more obvious glacial-interglacial pattern. The coccolith calcification index was compared with the ice-core atmospheric pCO2, which shows that the calcification of Noelaerhabdaceae coccoliths was weakened in the glaciation termination period and the early-middle interglacial periods when the atmospheric pCO2 concentration was higher. The 23-ka filtering of the average coccolith length and weight agrees with the summer average solar radiation at 15°N, suggesting the regulation of the Earth's astronomical orbit parameters on the evolution of coccolithophores.
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Keywords:
- coccolith weight /
- coccolith length /
- Late Quaternary /
- Western Pacific
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图 1 西太平洋暖池北部边缘区MD06-3050岩芯位置图
Figure 1. Location of Core MD06-3050 in the northern part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool
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图 2 35万年以来MD06-3050站位Noelaerhabdaceae科颗石的平均长度和质量变化曲线及与其他指标对比
自下而上依次为，a：全球大洋底栖有孔虫δ18O合成曲线（LR04）[11]，b：MD06-3050站位35万年以来Noelaerhabdaceae科颗石的平均长度变化曲线（蓝色曲线为颗石平均长度的五点平滑曲线），c：颗石平均质量变化曲线（桔色曲线为颗石平均质量的五点平滑曲线），d：Noelaerhabdaceae科颗石平均钙化作用强度指标曲线，e：EhuxRminutula组颗石钙化作用强度指标曲线，f：Goceanica组颗石钙化作用强度指标曲线，g：来自EPICA[20]和Vostok[21]冰芯记录的大气pCO2浓度变化曲线，h：MD06-3047B岩芯海水表层温度（SST）变化曲线[22]。黄色和绿色条带代表冰期终止期（I，II, III, IV）以及间冰期早期。灰色条带代表冰期。
Figure 2. Variation curves in length and mass of Noelaerhabdaceae coccolith over the past 350000 years in core MD06-3050
The curves, from bottom to top, show variations in the oxygen isotope stack LR04[11] (a), average coccolith length change curve with a five-point smooth curve in blue (b), and average coccolith weight change curve with a five-point smooth curve in orange (c) at core MD06-3050, coccolith calcification index curve (d), calcification index of EhuxRminutula group (e), and of Goceanica group (f) at core MD06-3050; atmospheric pCO2 concentration recorded in the ice cores EPICA[20] and Vostok[21] over the past 350,000 years (g), and sea surface temperature (SST) curve of MD06-3047B core[22] (h). The yellow and green bands represent Termination I, II, III, IV, and the early period of interglacials. The gray bands represent ice ages, and the top number represents the ice ages number of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS).
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图 3 35万年以来MD06-3050岩芯Noelaerhabdaceae科颗石平均质量和长度滤波曲线及日照辐射量对比曲线
自上而下依次是，a：北半球15°N夏季日照辐射曲线；b：颗石平均质量变化曲线和对该曲线的23 ka滤波曲线；c：颗石平均长度变化曲线和对该曲线的23 ka滤波曲线；d：颗石平均长度变化曲线和相同岩芯的Florisphaera profunda相对百分含量曲线（注意坐标轴是逆序）。其中日照辐射曲线是由Acycle软件[35]根据Laskar 等[36]计算的北纬15°在35万年以来5月21日至7月23日接受的日平均辐射值。
Figure 3. Variations in average length and average mass of Noelaerhabdaceae coccolith and their 23 ka-filter curves
a: the mean daily insolation curve of 15°N in the Northern Hemisphere between May 21 and July 23 (brown) in the past 350000 according to the Laskar et al.[36] calculated by Acycle software[35]; b: the mean coccolith mass (yellow green) and its 23 ka filtering curve (dark blue); c: the mean coccolith length curve (light blue) and its 23 ka filtering curve (green); d: the average coccolith length change curve of Noelaerhabdaceae in MD06-3050 core over the past 350000 years (light blue) and the relative abundance curve of Florisphaera profunda for the same core (orange) (note that the axes are in reverse order).
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图 4 西太平洋暖池北部边缘MD06-3050岩芯350 ka以来颗石平均长度频谱分析（a）与颗石平均质量频谱分析（b）
Figure 4. Spectral power results showed by Acycle: (a) average coccolith length, (b) average coccolith mass for core MD06-3050
表 1 Noelaerhabdaceae 科颗石长度和质量的平均值和标准偏差
Table 1 Average and standard deviation of Noelaerhabdaceae coccolith length and mass
颗石类别 EhuxRminutula Rhaqii Gericsonii Gcaribbeanica Goceanica Povata 长度平均值/μm 2.5 2.15 1.94 3.00 3.68 3.91 平均长度的标准偏差/μm 0.81 0.81 0.55 0.70 0.43 0.61 质量平均值/pg 3.01 2.90 1.76 5.64 6.19 7.11 平均质量的标准偏差/pg 1.83 1.98 1.30 2.27 1.74 1.85 
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