海底峡谷浊流汇流后含沙量与速度变化研究

Variations in sediment concentration and velocity after turbidity current confluence in submarine canyon

  • 摘要: 高速的浊流具有强大的破坏力,威胁着海底结构物的安全。海底峡谷是浊流向深海运动的重要通道,其中许多海底峡谷具有多条分支峡谷,而分支峡谷与主干峡谷浊流发生汇流后,含沙量、速度可能会增加,进而破坏力增强。本文通过室内水槽试验和数值模拟,研究了分支峡谷中的浊流汇流到主干峡谷中含沙量和速度的变化,并与仅有主干峡谷浊流的情景进行了对比。研究发现,发生汇流时,浊流的高度、含沙量和速度在头部均有增加,在汇流发生过后会有所减小,但含沙量和速度仍大于不发生汇流时的情况。本文试验结果可为有分支峡谷发生浊流汇流的现场监测位置及项目、速度推算提供指引。

     

    Abstract: High-speed turbidity currents are very destructive and threaten the safety of seabed constructions. An important channel for turbidity currents to move to the deep sea is submarine canyons, of which many have multiple branches. Once a branch meets the canyon with turbidity currents, the sand content and the velocity of turbidity currents could be increased, and so the destructive power. We studied the changes in sand content and movement velocity of turbidity currents in branch canyons converging into the main canyon, to which the scenario of turbidity currents in main-canyon-only was compared. Result show that the height, sand content and velocity of turbidity currents were increased at the head when confluence occurred, and decreased after the confluence occurred. However, the sand content and the velocity were still larger than those without confluence. This study provided guidelines for site selection and velocity calculation for field monitoring when turbidity currents confluence occurs in branch canyons.

     

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