Spatial distribution of organic matter in surface sediments from the Nansha sea area of the South China Sea and its implications for marine productivity and monsoon
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摘要: 对现在过程的研究可为了解过去沉积环境演变信息提供重要线索。对南海南沙广阔海域23个现代表层沉积物样品总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）含量及同位素组成（δ13CTOC和δ15N）进行测试分析，以期通过沉积有机质的现代组成分布特征为反演其历史时空分布变化规律及其驱动机制提供参考。南沙海区表层沉积物TOC/TN（5.5～7.9，平均为6.5±0.6）和δ13CTOC（–21.9‰～–18.7‰，平均为–21.0‰±0.7‰）揭示了沉积有机质主要来自海源贡献；δ13CTOC 与TOC和TOC/TN的相关性分析表明了TOC未受明显的早期成岩作用影响，因此表层沉积物TOC可用于反映现代上层海水生产力状况。南沙海区表层沉积物TOC（0.32%～0.97%，平均为0.67%±0.17%）呈现明显的西-东向分布差异，高值主要位于西部前缘地带，低值主要分布在东部海域。表层沉积物TOC的地理分布特征表明了西南夏季风对南沙海域表层海水生产力的主要调控作用—由夏季风产生的越南上升流和湄公河陆源输入带来的高通量营养盐促进了西部前缘海域浮游植物的勃发，而随着站位距离的增加其施肥效应越来越弱。表层沉积物TOC和TN的强相关性（R2=0.95）以及δ15N的空间分布特征暗示了南沙海域沉积物δ15N未受陆源河流影响，记录了上层海水δ15N信号，从而指示了相关的氮循环过程。Abstract: The knowledge of modern hydrologic process provides important clues for marine palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution. Twenty-three surface sediment samples collected throughout the Nansha sea area of the South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for sedimentary bulk parameters, including total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and their isotopes (δ13CTOC and δ15N), in order to understand the controlling factors on the spatiotemporal variations of sedimentary organic matter (OM). Results show that the TOC/TN (5.5～7.9 in range and 6.5±0.6 on average) and δ13CTOC (–21.9‰ ～ –18.7‰ in range and –21.0‰±0.7‰ on average) reflect the dominance of marine OM input to surface sediments in the Nansha sea area. Correlation analyses of δ13CTOC vs TOC and vs TOC/TN indicate that sedimentary TOC was not significantly affected by early diagenesis, thereby TOC can be used as an effective tracer for surface productivity. The values of TOC (0.32%～0.97% in range and 0.67%±0.17% on average) show a descending trend from the western to eastern parts of the Nansha sea area, indicating clearly the importance of southwesterly summer monsoon in delivering rich nutrients from the productive Vietnam upwelling and Mekong delta. Moreover, strong correlation between TOC and TN (R2=0.95) and clear spatial distribution of δ15N manifested the ability of bulk δ15N to reflect upper water δ15N signal due to the minimal influence of riverine terrigenous inorganic N, thereby indicating the relevant nitrogen cycle process.
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图 2 南海南沙海区夏季表层海水温度（a）、盐度（b）
a.低温区为夏季越南上升流区，b.低盐区为夏季湄公河（左）和婆罗洲-巴拉望入海河流（右）影响区。温盐数据来自World Ocean Atlas[27]。
Figure 2. Surface seawater temperature (a) and salinity (b) in the Nansha sea area of the South China Sea in summer
a:The low temperature area is the upwelling area of Vietnam in summer, b: the low salt area is the influence area of Mekong River (left) and Borneo Palawan seaward River (right) in summer. Temperature and salt data are from World Ocean Atlas[27] .
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图 3 TOC与TN（a）及δ13CTOC与TOC/TN（b）和TOC（c）相关性分析
Figure 3. Correlations of TOC vs TN (a), δ13CTOC vs TOC/TN (b), and δ13CTOC vs TOC (c)
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图 4 南沙海区表层沉积物TOC和δ15N分布图
Figure 4. Distribution of TOC and δ15N in surface sediments in the Nansha sea area
表 1 南海南沙海区表层沉积物沉积参数
Table 1 Sedimentary parameters of surface sediments in the Nansha sea area of the South China Sea
站位 位置 水深/m δ15N/‰ TN /% δ13CTOC/‰ TOC/% TOC/TN NS2020-01B 9.50°N、112.90°E 1703 4.8 0.06 –20.1 0.44 7.4 NS2020-02B 10.72°N、112.71°E 3835 6.1 0.13 –21.8 0.71 5.7 NS2020-04B 10.16°N、112.85°E 2038 6.2 0.12 –21.0 0.73 6.1 NS2020-06B 9.87°N、112.61°E 1996 5.9 0.13 –21.3 0.84 6.5 NS2020-07B 9.34°N、113.30°E 2771 6.6 0.12 –20.8 0.74 6.1 NS2020-09B 9.03°N、113.32°E 1525 6.0 0.09 –21.1 0.59 6.3 NS2020-12B 8.43°N、113.68°E 1483 5.9 0.11 –21.5 0.75 6.7 NS2020-14B 8.36°N、112.32°E 1683 5.8 0.15 –21.3 0.91 6.2 NS2020-15B 8.39°N、110.42°E 636 5.3 0.10 –21.5 0.69 6.6 NS2020-19B 8.78°N、110.81°E 1058 5.6 0.13 –21.0 0.81 6.3 NS2020-21B 9.31°N、111.76°E 1211 6.1 0.14 –20.8 0.84 6.1 NS2020-23B 9.32°N、111.76°E 870 5.9 0.12 –21.3 0.76 6.5 NS2020-24B 9.31°N、111.74°E 535 5.3 0.08 –21.3 0.55 6.8 NS2020-25B 10.04°N、111.91°E 3167 6.2 0.16 –21.7 0.97 6.2 NS2020-26B 9.66°N、112.14°E 2559 6.1 0.15 –21.2 0.91 6.2 NS2020-31B 9.91°N、115.54°E 30 3.1 0.06 –18.7 0.47 7.9 NS2020-33B 9.65°N、115.39°E 1214 6.5 0.06 –21.9 0.32 5.5 NS2020-35B 9.76°N、114.80°E 2932 6.7 0.10 –20.7 0.61 6.0 NS2020-37B 10.05°N、115.33°E 1669 6.3 0.07 –20.9 0.47 6.9 NS2020-38B 10.08°N、115.62°E 1320 6.4 0.06 –20.6 0.47 7.2 NS2020-40B 10.86°N、113.76°E 4215 5.6 0.13 –21.5 0.72 5.6 NS2020-41B 10.37°N、113.92°E 1623 5.8 0.09 –20.9 0.58 6.5 NS2020-44B 10.05°N、114.10°E 1670 6.1 0.07 –20.5 0.51 7.1 
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