Types, genesis, and formation of CO2-rich reservoirs in the Yangjiangdong Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 通过对阳江东凹高含CO2油气藏的流体组分组成、P-T相图、原油生物标志化合物、天然气组分及同位素、流体包裹体进行研究，分析了高含CO2油气藏的类型、成因及成藏过程。结果表明，阳江东凹高含CO2的油气藏分为3类：第一类为含CO2溶解气的常规油藏，第二类为含CO2溶解气的挥发性油藏，第三类为含溶解烃的CO2气藏。油气藏中原油主要为浅湖-半深湖相及半深湖-深湖相烃源岩成熟阶段的产物，烃类气均为原油伴生气，CO2属于幔源型无机成因气。EP20-A井原油的充注时期为12～10.7 Ma，CO2充注时期为5.6～1.7 Ma。EP20-C井存在两期原油充注及两期CO2充注，第一期原油充注时期为14～6 Ma，为主要充注期，第二期原油充注时期为4～0 Ma，第一期CO2的充注时期为11～10 Ma，第二期CO2的充注时期为5～1.5 Ma。根据CO2充注强度的相对大小，分别形成了EP20-C井含溶解烃的CO2气藏，EP20-A井含CO2溶解气的挥发性油藏，EP20-B井含CO2溶解气的常规油藏。Abstract: By studying the composition of the fluid wells, P-T phase diagram, crude oil biomarkers, natural gas components, isotopes and fluid inclusions of high CO2 oil and gas reservoirs in the Yangjiangdong Sag, the types, genesis, and formation of CO2-rich reservoirs were analyzed. Results show that the CO2-rich reservoirs could be divided into three types: i.e., conventional reservoir with CO2 -dissolved gas, volatile reservoir with high CO2 dissolved gas, and CO2 gas reservoirs containing dissolved hydrocarbons. The crude oil in the reservoir is mainly originated from shallow–semi-deep lake facies and semi-deep–deep lake facies in the mature stage. The hydrocarbon gas is crude oil associated, and CO2 belongs to mantle-derived inorganic gas. The charging period in EP20-A well is 12～10.7 Ma, and that of CO2 is 5.6～1.7 Ma. Two stages of crude oil charging and two stages of CO2 charging in EP20-C well were recognized. The first stage of crude oil charging is 14～6 Ma, which is the main charging period; and the second stage is 4～0 Ma. The first stage of CO2 charging period is 11～10 Ma, and the second is 5 ～1.5 Ma. The relative magnitude of CO2 charging intensity show that the CO2 gas reservoir containing dissolved hydrocarbon was formed in well EP20-C, volatile reservoir containing CO2 dissolved gas was formed in well EP20-A, and conventional reservoir containing CO2 dissolved gas was formed in well EP20-B.
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图 4 原油及烃源岩生物标志化合物指纹特征对比
Figure 4. Fingerprint characteristics of biomarkers in crude oil and source rocks
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图 6 碳同位素判识天然气成因类型
Ⅰ：煤成气区，Ⅱ：油型气区，Ⅲ：碳同位素倒转混合气区，Ⅳ：煤成气和油型气区,Ⅴ：煤成气、油型气和混合气区，Ⅵ：生物气和亚生物气区。
Figure 6. Discrimination of genetic types of natural gas by carbon isotope
Ⅰ: coal-derived gas; Ⅱ：oil-associated gas; Ⅲ: mixed gas with reversed carbon isotope sequence; Ⅳ: coal-derived gas and(or) oil-associated gas; Ⅴ: coal-derived gas, oil-associated gas and mixed gas, Ⅵ: biogenic and sub-biogenic gas.
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图 7 CO2成因类型判识
Ⅰ：有机成因二氧化碳区，Ⅱ：无机成因二氧化碳区，Ⅲ：有机成因与无机成因二氧化碳共存区，Ⅳ：有机、无机成因二氧化碳混合气区。
Figure 7. Discrimination of CO2 genetic types
Ⅰ: Organic CO2, Ⅱ: inorganic CO2, Ⅲ: organic CO2 or inorganic CO2, Ⅳ: organic and inorganic mixed CO2.
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图 8 EP20-A井、EP20-C井及EP20-B井流体包裹体显微观察照片
UV 表示荧光，TR 表示偏光，5×10 表示显微镜物镜放大倍数；a-b：EP20-A井2494 m石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到大量发黄绿色荧光油包裹体；c-d：EP20-A井2693.5 m石英颗粒粒间孔隙中检测到大量黄褐色沥青；e：EP20-A井2693.5 m石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到CO2包裹体；f：EP20-C井3294.5.5 m石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到CO2包裹体；g-j： EP20-C井3271.5 m石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到大量发蓝色-蓝绿色荧光含沥青油包裹体；k-n：EP20-B井2162 m石英颗粒内裂纹中检测到发黄色、蓝绿色荧光油包裹体。
Figure 8. Micrograph of fluid inclusion in wells EP20-A, EP20-C, and EP20-B
表 1 油气藏流体高压物性分析数据
Table 1 Data sheet of high pressure physical property analysis of oil and gas reservoir fluid
井号 深度/m 层段 气油比
/(m3/m3)体积系数 地层
温度
/℃地层
压力
/MPa地层原油
密度
/(g/cm3)死油密度
（20℃时）
/(g/cm3)井流物组成/mol% 闪蒸气组成/mol% C1+N2 C2-C6+CO2 C7+ C1 CO2 EP20-A 2693.5 珠江组下段ZJ550 372.2 2.2845 119.4 26.2 0.5993 0.7898 21.76 56.06 22.18 25.1 51.8 EP20-B 2160 珠江组上段ZJ320 18 1.071 95.33 20.32 0.87 0.9132 9.27 13.4 77.33 35.52 37.28 EP20-C 3271.5 文三段WC341 4472.1 0.0034 142.4 37.09 0.8098 13.21 84.04 2.75 12.7 80 
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表 2 天然气组分及同位素数据
Table 2 Composition and isotopes of natural gas
井号 深度 /m 层位 样品类型 组分含量/% 干燥系数
/%δ13C1
/‰δ13C2
/‰δ13CCO2
/‰40Ar/
36Ar3He/
4HeCO2生成年龄
/MaC1 C2 C3 CO2 EP20-A 2693.5 珠江组下段ZJ550 PVT闪蒸气 25.13 6.83 5.47 51.79 57 EP20-B 2160 珠江组上段ZJ320 PVT转出气 38.28 4.47 1.54 34.55 83 −41.41 −27.83 −6.04 EP20-C 3271.5 文昌组WC341 PVT转出气 13.23 2.27 1.62 80.20 67 −46.93 −32.50 −5.57 493 3.40E-06 8.90
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表 3 盐水包裹体均一温度数据
Table 3 The homogenized temperature of aqueous inclusions
井名 深度/m 盐水包裹体均一温度/℃ 共生类型 时间/Ma EP20-A 2494 86.3～89.8 油 12～10.7 2693.5 106.2～113.1 CO2 5.6～1.7 EP20-C 3265～3280 102～116.7, 122.7～124.4 油 12～6, 1.5～0 3271.5 102.4～117.5, 120～126.6 油 12～6, 4～0 3280.9 96.7～109.6, 113.6～117.7 油 14～10, 8～6 3294.5 106.9～108.3, 118.5～122.2 CO2 11～10, 5～1.5 EP20-B 2162 88.3～96.6 油 3～0
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