Temporal-spatial variation characteristics and the controlling factors of temperature and salinity structure in Zhongsha Islands sea area of the South China Sea
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摘要: 南海中沙群岛海域夏秋季水团实测温盐深数据统计分析结果表明，研究区海水表层温度为30.0～31.2 ℃，最高温度位于中沙海台区域；表层盐度为33.6～34.1 PSU，最高盐度分布在西北部东岛海域附近；底层温度1～25 ℃，盐度34.1～35.2 PSU，最高盐度分布在工区东南角。总体上，研究区水团温盐结构表现为表层高温低盐、底层低温高盐的特征，混合层深度为20～90 m。研究区表、中、底层水体垂向流速各不相同，流速为0.01～0.22 m/s。根据FVCOM模型分析了调查区温度、盐度季节性变化特征，冬季，研究区南侧的海域海表温度明显高于北侧，南北温差显著；夏季，海表温盐分布受到台风作用较为明显，海表温度的空间分布趋于均一。数值模拟表明，研究区流场整体表现为冬夏季强、春秋季较弱的季节性变化特征。模拟结果显示，极端天气在短期内对研究区温盐结构产生显著影响，表现为海表温度降低、混合层深度增加，水体垂向混合作用增强。Abstract: The statistical analysis results of CTD measured data of water mass in summer and autumn from the sea area of the Zhongsha Islands show that the sea surface temperature of seawater in the study area is between 30.0 and 31.2 °C, and the highest temperature distributed in the platform of the Zhongsha Islands. The sea surface salinity is from 33.6 to 34.1 PSU, and the highest salinity distributed near the Dong Island. The bottom temperature is from 1 to 25 °C, and salinity from 34.1 to 35.2 PSU, the highest salinity distributed in the southeast corner of the study area. In general, the temperature-salinity structure of the study area is characterized by high temperature, low salt in the surface layer and low temperature, high salt in the bottom layer, and the depth of mixed layer is between 20 and 90 m. The vertical velocity of surface, middle and bottom water in the study area is different, and the velocity is between 0.01 and 0.22 m/s. The seasonal variation characteristics of temperature and salinity in the study area were analyzed according to the FVCOM model. In winter, the sea surface temperature in the south of the study area was significantly higher than that in the north, and the temperature difference between the north and south was obvious. In summer, the distribution of sea surface temperature and salinity is obviously affected by typhoon, and the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature tends to be uniform. The numerical simulation results show that the intensity of flow field in the study area is strength in winter and summer, and weak in spring and autumn. The simulation results also show that extreme weather has a significant effect on the temperature and salinity structure in the study area in a short term, which is manifested as the decrease of sea surface temperature, the increase of mixed layer depth, and the enhancement of vertical mixing effect of water body.
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图 1 调查区CTD及定点海流站位示意
Figure 1. CTD and currents observation sites within the study area
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图 3 验潮站水位验证图
验潮站位见图1a。
Figure 3. Comparison of the water level between model and observation
Tide station is shown in Fig. 1a.
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图 5 温盐验证结果
Figure 5. Comparison of the temperature and salinity between observed values and simulated values
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图 6 工区夏季表底层实测温盐分布
数字代表站位名称。
Figure 6. Summer temperature and salinity distribution of the surface/bottom seawater
The numbers refer to the stations.
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图 7 调查区典型站位温度、盐度变化与水深关系
Figure 7. The relationship of temperature, salinity and water depth of the typical stations
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图 8 调查区水体垂向流速大小及方向
Figure 8. Current distribution at surface, middle and bottom layer in the water column
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图 9 调查区表层月均温度分布
Figure 9. Monthly distribution of surface temperature in the study area
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图 10 调查区表层月均盐度分布图
Figure 10. Monthly distribution of surface salinity in the study area
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图 11 DBPH012CTD站位月均垂向温盐分布剖面
Figure 11. Monthly vertical profiles of temperature and salinity at DBPH012CTD site
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图 12 DBPH012CTD站位表底层温盐月均变化
Figure 12. Monthly variation of surface/bottom temperature and salinity at DBPH012CTD site
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图 13 调查区年内风玫瑰图
数据引自欧洲中期天气预报中心，2019。
Figure 13. Annual wind rose in the study area
Data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF, 2019.
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图 14 台风“PHANFONE”过境前后工区水体温盐剖面变化
Figure 14. Vertical temperature and salinity profiles at the study area pre- and post-Typhoon "PHANFONE"
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