Pore characteristics and influencing factors of the Lower Cambrian marine shale in the Lower Yangtze area
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摘要: 以下扬子陆域地区官地1井下寒武统幕府山组海相泥页岩岩心样品为研究对象，综合运用场发射扫描电镜、X衍射分析、气体吸附、高压压汞和有机地球化学分析等实验测试手段，系统研究了官地1井幕府山组泥页岩孔隙结构特征和孔隙发育影响因素。研究表明：① 官地1井幕府山组泥页岩矿物组成以石英、方解石胶结物和黏土矿物为主，其总有机碳含量较高，有机质类型以I型干酪根为主且均处于过成熟阶段；② 泥页岩孔隙类型主要为基质孔隙（粒间孔隙和粒内孔隙）、有机质孔隙和微裂隙，其中以有机质孔隙含量居多，而粒间孔隙面孔率占比最高；③ 有机质丰度对有机质孔隙的孔径和比表面积具有一定的影响，压实作用则构成过成熟阶段孔隙演化的主要因素，而刚性矿物具有一定的支撑作用并对有机质孔隙的保存具有积极意义；④ 分形维数与总有机碳含量和比表面积相关性较好，而与孔隙体积相关性弱，反映孔壁粗糙程度及孔隙结构复杂程度受有机质丰度影响。Abstract: The marine shale samples of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan Formation collected from the Well GD1 in the Lower Yangtze area are systematically studied in this paper for pore structure characteristics and their influencing factors. Various testing methods, such as field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, gas adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection and organic geochemical analysis are adopted for this research. It is revealed that the Mufushan shale is mainly composed of quartz, calcite and clay minerals in mineralogy. The total organic carbon content is quite high, and the organic matter is dominated by the type I of kerogen overmatured. The pores are dominated by matrix pores including intergranular and intragranular pores, organic matter pores and microfractures. Organic matter pores are well developed, and the proportion of intergranular pores is the highest. Organic matter abundance has certain influence on the pore size and specific surface area of organic matter pores. Compaction is the main factor for pore evolution in the overmatured stage, while rigid minerals, as supporting components, play a positive role in the preservation of organic matter pores. The fractal dimension has a good correlation with the total organic carbon content and specific surface area but weak correlation with pore volume, suggesting that the roughness of the pore wall and the complexity of the pore structure are affected by organic matter abundance.
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Keywords:
- pore characteristics /
- shale /
- well GD1 /
- Lower Cambrian /
- Lower Yangtze area
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图 3 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩场发射扫描电镜镜下孔隙特征
A. 有机质发育铸模孔隙，与黄铁矿有关，57.8 m；B. 散块状有机质发育微孔，296.75 m；C. 填隙状有机质，可见有机质孔隙和裂隙发育，437.55 m；D. 方解石胶结物与石英颗粒之间的粒间孔隙，311.65 m；E. 石英颗粒之间的粒间孔隙，57.8 m；F. 草莓状黄铁矿粒内孔隙，127.45 m；G. 方解石胶结物粒内溶蚀孔隙，311.65 m；H. 黏土矿物间发育粒内孔隙，311.65 m；I. 石英颗粒内发育微裂隙，57.8 m。
Figure 3. Pore characteristic images under FE-SEM of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
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图 4 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩氮气吸附/脱附等温线
Figure 4. Adsorption isotherms of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
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图 5 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩样品压汞曲线特征
Figure 5. Mercury intrusion characteristics of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
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图 6 基于JMicroVision软件分析官地1井幕府山组泥页岩电镜图像
A. 有机质孔隙和基质孔隙选区，302.65 m，10000×，蓝线方框为基质孔隙选区，红线方框为有机质区域选区；B. A图对应能谱图像，可见方解石胶结物、白云石胶结物、黏土矿物和石英发育；C、D.分别为有机质孔隙选区150000×和基质孔隙选区50000×图像；E、F. JMicroVision软件定量处理分析孔隙图像，其中紫色圈定为有机质，蓝色圈定为有机质孔隙，橙色圈定为粒间孔隙，绿色圈定为粒内孔隙。
Figure 6. Analysis of FE-SEM images of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1 based on JMicroVision software
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图 7 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩TOC与孔隙度、BET比表面积和孔隙体积相关关系
Figure 7. Correlation of TOC with porosity, BET specific surface area and pore volume of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
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图 8 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩矿物含量与孔隙度、BET比表面积和孔隙体积相关关系
Figure 8. Relationships between mineral composition and porosity, BET specific surface area and pore volume of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
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图 9 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩分形维数与孔隙结构的相关性特征
Figure 9. Relationship between fractal dimension and pore structure of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
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图 10 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩分形维数与矿物组分的相关性特征
Figure 10. Relationship between fractal dimension and composition of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
表 1 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩孔隙结构参数
Table 1 Pore structure parameters of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
样品编号 深度/
m孔隙度/
%BET比表面积/
(m2/g)BJH孔隙体积/
(cm3/g)Z7 47.50 22.324 23.732 0.03 Z10 55.40 19.865 10.916 0.018 Z12 57.80 14.725 13.200 0.016 Z14 65.35 17.744 13.858 0.024 Z17 72.65 11.736 13.147 0.016 Z26 127.45 2.299 3.003 0.029 Z53 292.95 4.325 0.623 0.003 Z56 296.75 1.333 0.646 0.002 Z71 402.05 2.786 4.266 0.004 Z80 432.05 4.762 12.457 0.012 Z82 437.55 6.540 8.010 0.006 Z90 452.35 7.526 2.293 0.006 
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表 2 官地1井下寒武统幕府山组泥页岩FHH氮气吸附分形维数
Table 2 Fractal dimension obtained from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) equation of the Lower Cambrian Mufushan shale in Well Guandi 1
样品 深度/m A1 R2 D1 A2 R2 D2 A R2 D Z7 47.50 −0.3936 0.997 2.6064 −0.2277 0.9945 2.7723 −0.263 0.9783 2.737 Z10 55.40 −0.497 0.9988 2.503 −0.2484 0.9729 2.7516 −0.3149 0.9532 2.6851 Z12 57.80 −0.4213 0.9987 2.5787 −0.1967 0.967 2.8033 −0.2503 0.9431 2.7497 Z14 65.35 −0.4451 0.9984 2.5549 −0.2625 0.9984 2.7375 −0.3174 0.977 2.6826 Z17 72.65 −0.4221 0.9968 2.5779 −0.1708 0.9542 2.8292 −0.2247 0.9193 2.7753 Z26 127.45 −0.57 0.9966 2.43 −0.5747 0.9176 2.4253 −0.5247 0.9482 2.4753 Z53 292.95 −0.6935 0.9899 2.3065 −0.457 0.9934 2.543 −0.529 0.9819 2.471 Z56 296.75 −0.6355 0.9949 2.3645 −0.3732 0.9851 2.6268 −0.4618 0.9673 2.5382 Z71 402.05 −0.5173 0.9854 2.4827 −0.2394 0.9871 2.7606 −0.3241 0.9499 2.6759 Z80 432.05 −0.4662 0.9676 2.5338 −0.1724 0.9887 2.8276 −0.228 0.9225 2.772 Z82 437.55 −0.5107 0.9832 2.4893 −0.1492 0.94 2.8508 −0.2333 0.8701 2.7667 Z90 452.35 −0.4831 0.9743 2.5169 −0.1858 0.9723 2.8142 −0.2723 0.9199 2.7277
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