Rare earth element composition of the surface sediments from the Ninetyeast Ridge and its implications for provenance
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摘要: 基于印度洋东经90°海岭42个表层沉积物的粒度和稀土元素（REE）组成及其空间分布特征，判别了研究区现代沉积物的主要来源，并结合水动力格局等要素探讨了东经90°海岭北部区域沉积物输运方式。结果显示，研究区42个表层沉积物总稀土含量（∑REE）为26.37～156.8 μg/g，平均值为57.35 μg/g，特点是轻稀土含量（∑LREE）高，重稀土含量（∑HREE）低且均一、存在明显的Ce和Eu异常。REE组成和空间分布受沉积物来源控制显著，球粒陨石标准化后的Sm/Nd-δEu物源判别图以及判别函数（FD）结果显示，研究区北部表层沉积物的最主要来源是伊洛瓦底江陆源物质，次要来源是戈达瓦里-克里希纳河输入的印度半岛物质，而南部区域则受苏门答腊岛陆源物质影响显著。不同源区沉积物在研究区的输运过程主要受控于热带季风系统驱动下的季节性表层环流以及浊流和风。Abstract: Spatial distribution patterns of grain size and rare earth elements (REE) are studied in this paper for the 42 surface sediment samples collected from the Ninetyeast Ridge of the Indian Ocean. The main sources of sediments are identified and the sediment transport modes are discussed on the hydrodynamic environment features. The results suggest that the total concentrations of rare earth elements in the 42 surface sediments of the study area vary between 26.37 μg/g and 156.8 μg/g, with an average at 57.35 μg/g. The samples are rich in light REE and uniform in heavy REE with obvious negative anomalies of Eu and Ce. The composition and spatial distribution of REE are significantly controlled by the source of sediments. According to the chondrite-normalized Sm/Nd-δEu diagram for provenance identification and the discriminant function (FD), the sediments in the northern study area are mainly coming from the Irrawaddy River, and the subordinate is sourced from the Indian Peninsula by the Godavari River-Krishna River. The sediments in the southern study area are significantly affected by the Sumatra. The transportation process of sediments from different sources in the study area is mainly controlled by seasonal surface circulation driven by the tropical monsoon system, turbidity currents and wind.
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Keywords:
- sediment /
- rare earth elements /
- provenance /
- Ninetyeast ridge /
- Indian Ocean
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图 2 东经90°海岭42个表层沉积物粒度组成
a. 砂含量，b. 粉砂含量，c. 黏土含量，d. 平均粒径，e. 分选系数，f. 偏态，g. 峰态。
Figure 2. The grain size distribution of 42 surface sediments in the Ninetyeast Ridge
a. Sand content, b. silt content, c. clay content, d. mean grain size, e.sorting coefficient, f. skewness, g. kurtosis.
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图 3 东经90°海岭42个表层沉积物REE分布
a. ∑LREE, b. ∑HREE, c. ∑REE,d.δEu, e. δCe, f. (La/Yb)N, g. (Sm/Nd)N。
Figure 3. REE composition of 42 surface sediments in the Ninetyeast Ridge
a. ∑LREE, b. ∑HREE, c. ∑REE, d. δEu, e. δCe, f. (La/Yb)N, g. (Sm/Nd)N.
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图 4 东经90°海岭表层沉积物及周边区域沉积物REE配分图
Figure 4. Distribution pattern of the REE composition of 42 surface sediments in the Ninetyeast Ridge and adjacent areas
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图 5 东经90°海岭42个表层沉积物REE与平均粒径及有关元素的相关性
Figure 5. Correlation between REE and mean grain size and related elements of 42 surface sediments on the Ninetyeast Ridge
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图 6 90°海岭表层沉积物分区（a）及物源定性判别（b）
Figure 6. Different zones for the surface sediments of the Ninetyeast Ridge (a) and provenance identification (b)
表 1 东经90°海岭及周边区域沉积物REE组成
Table 1 REE composition of sediments of the Ninetyeast Ridge and adjacent areas
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ∑REE ∑LREE ∑HREE δEu δCe （La/Yb） N （Sm/Nd） N 平均值 12.06 19.05 2.79 11.02 2.29 0.57 2.30 0.37 2.18 0.42 1.18 0.18 1.14 0.18 57.35 47.77 7.94 0.77 0.75 7.03 0.64 最小值 6.54 5.88 1.42 5.89 1.23 0.32 1.35 0.22 1.33 0.27 0.77 0.12 0.74 0.12 26.37 21.30 4.91 0.71 0.46 5.74 0.62 最大值 29.61 60.87 7.65 30.12 6.52 1.61 6.29 0.99 5.71 1.04 2.86 0.44 2.69 0.41 156.80 136.37 20.43 0.79 0.97 8.03 0.67 标准差 4.39 10.34 1.12 4.32 0.92 0.22 0.84 0.13 0.75 0.13 0.36 0.06 0.35 0.05 23.80 21.19 2.67 0.01 0.15 0.62 0.01 上陆壳 31.00 63.00 7.10 27.00 4.70 1.00 4.00 0.70 3.90 0.83 2.30 0.30 2.00 0.31 148.14 133.80 14.34 0.71 1.02 10.45 0.54 I 37.10 85.60 7.85 32.45 6.50 1.60 5.25 0.95 5.20 1.05 2.95 0.45 2.35 0.37 189.67 192.66 22.37 0.84 1.21 10.64 0.62 M 46.30 94.90 8.70 35.60 6.70 1.40 5.70 0.89 4.20 0.88 2.70 0.45 2.30 0.34 211.06 193.60 17.46 0.69 1.14 13.57 0.58 K-G 44.67 89.17 9.53 39.47 8.03 1.80 6.34 1.11 6.19 1.22 3.54 0.50 3.00 0.47 215.03 171.10 18.57 0.77 1.04 10.04 0.63 G-B 29.79 58.96 6.68 24.64 4.72 0.95 4.45 0.96 3.96 0.79 2.27 0.35 2.26 0.32 140.84 125.75 15.09 0.63 1.01 8.89 0.59 S 19.60 38.11 4.37 17.29 3.46 0.82 3.16 0.52 2.94 0.57 1.64 0.25 1.52 0.24 94.49 83.66 10.84 0.75 0.99 8.71 0.62 注：表中各元素含量、∑REE、∑LREE、∑HREE单位为µg/g；δEu、δCe、La/Yb和Sm/Nd均经过球粒陨石标准化；球粒陨石数据引自文献[23]；上陆壳数据引自文献[24]；伊洛瓦底江（I）数据引自文献[25]；默哈纳迪河（M）和克里希纳-戈达瓦里河（K-G）数据引自文献[26]；恒河-布拉马普特拉河（G-B）数据引自文献[27]；苏门答腊岛（S）数据为“全球变化与海气相互作用”专项“东印度洋IND-CJ01区块调查区块海底底质和底栖生物调查（GASI-02-IND-CJ01）”项目获取的苏门答腊岛西南部近岸海域BS24钻孔样品数据。 
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表 2 东经90°海岭表层沉积物REE判别函数（FD）计算结果
Table 2 The REE discrimination values for 42 surface sediments of the Ninetyeast Ridge
判别端元 沉积物分区 Ⅰ区 Ⅱ区 Ⅲ区 伊洛瓦底江 0.005 0.032 0.051 克里希纳-戈达瓦里河 0.011 0.037 0.057 苏门答腊岛 0.082 0.058 0.040
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