Two distribution patterns of the marine-continental transitional source rocks in the southern South China Sea
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摘要: 位于南海南部的曾母盆地和文莱-沙巴盆地是南海中南部油气资源最为富集的两个盆地，可采储量相当，但含油气性和油气分布差异巨大。本文在油源对比的基础上，结合古气候、古植被、沉积演化与沉积相带差异，总结了曾母盆地和文莱-沙巴盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩的分布模式。研究认为，曾母盆地近岸一侧原油和文莱-沙巴盆地原油为煤系烃源岩来源，曾母盆地远岸一侧原油为陆源海相烃源岩来源。受古气候、古植被控制，煤系烃源岩具有较强生油能力，受沉积相带控制，曾母盆地和文莱-沙巴盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩存在两种分布模式，分别为“三角洲煤系-陆源海相”烃源岩分布模式和“三角洲-浊积含煤”分布模式。烃源岩分布模式进而控制了油气分布，曾母盆地的原油集中分布于三角洲平原及近岸地区，而文莱-沙巴盆地煤系烃源岩分布受浊积岩分布控制而广泛分布，这可能是文莱-沙巴盆地满盆富油的重要原因。Abstract: As the largest oil and gas basins in the Southern South China Sea, the Zengmu and Baram-Sabah basins have roughly similar recoverable reserves but great differences in oil and gas ratio, and distribution patterns. Based on the data of oil source correlation, combined with the data of paleoclimate, paleovegetation, depositional evolution and faices differentiation, two distribution patterns for marine-continental transitional source rocks has been concluded by this paper. It suggests that the oil from shore side of the Zengmu Basin and the Baram-Sabah Basin are mainly generated from coaly source rocks, while the oil from offshore Zengmu Basin from terrestrially sourced marine deposits. Up to the paleoclimate and paleovegetation, the coaly source rock has rather strong ability of oil generation. Based on the depositional facies of source rocks, two distribution patterns for the marine-continental transitional source rocks have been recognized by the authors for the first time, which are the “deltaic coaly facies -terrestrially sourced marine facies source rocks” and the “deltaic- turbidite -coaly source rocks”. Under the control of the type of source rocks, the oil in the Zengmu Basin is enriched in the delta plain and inshore region, while the oil in the Baram-Sabah Basin has a wide coverage.
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图 1 研究区位置及地层对比图
Figure 1. The location map and stratigraphic chart of the research area
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图 2 曾母盆地不同沉积相带烃源岩地球化学剖面
Figure 2. Geochemical profiles of source rocks in different sedimentary facies in Zengmu Basin
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图 3 沙巴地区不同区带揭示的烃源岩生烃潜量
Figure 3. Hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks for different belts of Sabah area
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图 4 曾母盆地和文莱-沙巴盆地油岩对比
Figure 4. Correlation of oil source rocks between Zengmu and Baram-Sabah Basins
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图 5 沙捞越地区渐新统—中新统野外露头样品检出的弗氏孢粉
a和b为半瓣弗氏粉，c和d为光极弗氏粉。
Figure 5. The florschuetzia detected on the Oligocene-Miocene outcrops in Sarawak
Florschuetzia semilobata is shown in a and b, Florschuetzia levipoli is shown in c and d.
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图 6 曾母和文莱-沙巴盆地渐新世—中新世沉积环境演化
Figure 6. Sedimentary facies of the Zengmu and Baram-Sabah Basins in Miocene-Oligocene periods
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图 7 曾母盆地“三角洲煤系-陆源海相”烃源岩分布模式
Figure 7. The “deltaic coaly facies -terrestrially sourced marine facies ”source rocks model in Zengmu Basin
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