Radiolarian distribution in surface sediments of the Philippine Sea and adjacent areas and its response to environment
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摘要: 为了解菲律宾海放射虫的区域分布特色,利用同样的样品处理方法,对菲律宾海及其邻近海域的44个表层沉积样中的放射虫进行对比分析,鉴定统计了500个属种,物种多样性较高。菲律宾海表层沉积物中放射虫的群落结构和丰度变化幅度较大,反映了菲律宾海更为复杂的区域生态环境或沉积环境;南海北部放射虫丰度非常高且罩笼虫目占据较大优势,表明南海北部区域营养盐和生物生产力较高;冲绳海槽放射虫丰度相对较低且泡沫虫目占据绝对优势,推测冲绳海槽的海底沉积环境可能不利于放射虫壳体的埋藏富集。RDA分析结果显示暖水种在冲绳海槽的分布与夏季125 m温度呈明显的正相关,可能与夏季黑潮次表层水的影响有关;在南海北部,暖水种的分布主要受冬季75 m硅酸盐和夏季200 m磷酸盐的影响控制,说明高浓度的硅酸盐可能更加有利于罩笼虫目的发育繁殖;菲律宾海主要是次表层水的环境因子影响着放射虫暖水种的分布,比如75 m冬季盐度、200 m年均溶解氧含量和125 m夏季温度。此外,菲律宾海中深层水(1000~3000 m)不同层深66个环境变量和生活于该水体中的5个冷水种的RDA分析结果,显示菲律宾海北部区域主要与1000 m硅酸盐浓度呈显著正相关,可能与富含硅酸盐的北太平洋中深层水南下进入菲律宾有关;而在菲律宾海中南部的分布则主要与1000 m硅酸盐浓度呈显著负相关,与2 000 m溶解氧和2200 m磷酸盐和硝酸盐呈明显正相关,可能与具有高溶解氧低硅酸盐性质的绕极深层水由南端进入菲律宾海后,一部分水体向上进入菲律宾海中层水有关。
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关键词:
- 放射虫暖水种和冷水种 /
- 环境变量 /
- RDA分析 /
- 表层沉积物 /
- 菲律宾海及其邻近海域
Abstract: In order to understand the distribution pattern of radiolarians in the Philippine Sea, this article, based on a unified method for sample processing and analysis, made analysis and comparison of radiolarians for 44 surface sediment samples taking from the Philippine Sea and its adjacent regions. A total of 500 radiolarians species are identified, suggesting a very high species diversity. The community structure and abundance of radiolarians in the surface sediments of the Philippine Sea vary greatly, suggesting complex regional ecological or sedimentary environments. The abundance of radiolarians dominated by Nassellaria is also very high in the northern South China Sea, indicating that the northern South China Sea is rich in nutrients and high in biological productivity. However, the radiolarian abundance, dominated by Spumellaria, is relatively low in the Okinawa Trough. It is speculated that the submarine environment of the Okinawa Trough is not so conducive to the accumulation and preservation of radiolarian shells. 8 warm water species group living in the euphotic layer and 162 environmental variables at different depths of the 0~200 m water layers are selected for RDA analysis. The results show that the distribution of these warm water species in the Okinawa Trough is significantly positively correlated with the summer temperature in 125 m of water depth, probably owing to the influence of the summer Kuroshio subsurface water. The distribution of warm water species in the northern South China Sea is mainly affected by winter silicate of 75 m and summer phosphate of 200 m. It means that high-concentration silicate is more conducive to the production of Nassellaria. In the Philippine Sea, however, environmental factors mainly in the subsurface water affect the distribution of warm water species, such as winter salinity of 75 m, 200 m annual dissolved oxygen content and summer temperature of 125 m. In addition, the RDA analysis results of 66 environmental variables at different depths of the medium-deep water (1000~3000 m) of the Philippine Sea and 5 cold water species living in this layer show that the northern Philippine Sea is mainly positively correlated with the silicate concentration of 1000 m. This may be related to the fact that the silicate-rich intermediate-deep water mass of the North Pacific moving southward into the Philippine Sea. The distribution in the central and southern part of the Philippine Sea is mainly negatively correlated with the concentration of silicate at 1000 m, and is significantly positively correlated with dissolved oxygen at 2000 m. It may be related to the Circumpolar Deep Water with high dissolved oxygen content and low silicate entering from the southern end of the Philippine Sea, and part of the water upwardly enter the intermediate layer of the Philippine Sea. -
1. 区域地质概况
东海陆架盆地是我国近海海域具石油勘探开发价值的有利区带,发育多个富烃凹陷,其中研究区所在凹陷是面积最大、油气资源最为丰富的凹陷之一[1-3]。
平北地区位于东海某凹陷平湖斜坡带北部,北为杭州斜坡带,南为天台斜坡带,东为西次凹,西为海礁隆起(南块)(图1)。区域内发育N-1构造、N-2构造等多个含油气构造[4-5]。主力油气层为平湖组碎屑岩储层,储层条件较好。对于钻遇的火山岩及花岗岩基底,其充填特征及储层形成机制尚不十分明确[6-8],有待进一步探究。
2. 基底岩性特征、成因及分布
2.1 基底岩性特征
不同于西湖凹陷大部分地区,平北区钻遇多种火山岩,可分为火山熔岩类、火山碎屑熔岩类、火山碎屑岩以及沉火山碎屑岩4大类。前两者含量相对高。
火山熔岩类,平北区钻遇此类岩石主要有安山岩和流纹岩。
安山岩,见于A7井3 864 m处,无斑晶,具有交织结构,斜长石长条状微晶定向排列,期间见有少量磁铁矿分布。流纹岩,见于A8井4 483 m处,见到针状和纤维状的矿物集合体,呈放射性排列,构成球粒结构,见有石英。
火山碎屑熔岩类在平北区主要发育流纹质凝灰熔岩和英安质凝灰熔岩。
流纹质凝灰熔岩,见于A1井5 078 m处,流动构造,岩屑全为流纹岩,见有石英晶屑和棱角状长石晶屑;英安质凝灰熔岩,见于A2井4 506 m处,火山碎屑结构。碎屑成分主要为石英,见有少量玻屑。
火山碎屑岩类在平北区主要发育有流纹质凝灰岩、安山质凝灰岩和英安质凝灰岩。沉火山碎屑岩类在平北区主要发育沉凝灰岩。
此外,A3井钻遇深成岩类基底,主要为花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,特征矿物组合为结晶较好的碱性长石、石英、酸性斜长石、黑云母、角闪石。
花岗岩,见于A3井4 053 m处,花岗结构,主要矿物为斜长石和石英,斜长石见有聚片双晶,石英有波状消光。见有一条微裂缝(图2)。
图 2 平北区基底岩浆岩镜下特征a. 花岗岩,花岗结构,见有一条微裂缝,A3井,4 052.66 m,石门潭组,岩屑薄片,正交偏光10×(+);b. 花岗岩,结晶结构,黑云母发生绿泥石化,A3井,4 035 m,石门潭组,岩屑薄片,单偏光,10×(+)Figure 2. Magmatic rocks under microscope from Pingbei regiona. Granite fragment, granitic texture with a microcrack, from Well A3, at 4 052.66 m, Shimentan Formation, polars crossed, 10×(+); b. Granite fragment, crystallized texture, biotite chlorinated, from Well A3, at 4 035m, Shimentan formation, polars not crossed 10×(+)花岗闪长岩见于A3井4 016 m处,结晶结构,由中性斜长石、石英、钾长石和少量黑云母组成,长石颗粒为自形半自形,见聚片双晶;石英为他形颗粒状,波状消光;黑云母发生绿泥石化(图2)。
2.2 盆地构造演化与基底岩性构成
侏罗纪,太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲使东海陆架盆地及邻近地区以挤压环境为主,表现为坳陷型沉积[9-13]。白垩纪末,由于板块俯冲和热隆起作用,欧亚大陆受南北挤压,燕山运动结束,东海陆架盆地由坳陷转为拉张、聚敛环境[7-8]。由此,对盆地产生影响的岩浆活动可划分为4期,即:燕山期(205~135 Ma)、四川期(135~52 Ma)、华北期(52~23.5 Ma)和喜马拉雅山期(23.5~0.78 Ma)(表1)[14-15]。
燕山期岩浆活动非常活跃,强度大,波及面广,主要影响浙闽二省东部、沿海岛屿以及东海陆架盆地中西部地区,以大范围的喷出岩和大量侵入岩为特征。
四川期岩浆岩运动具有多期次特征,影响浙闽隆起带、东海陆架盆地中部隆起带以及钓鱼岛隆褶带。岩浆岩受断裂控制明显,盆地内钻遇花岗岩、安山岩、花岗闪长岩。海礁隆起礁1井钻遇的英安质角砾岩、凝灰质角砾岩和凝灰岩经年龄测定为69.9 Ma;瓯江凹陷明月峰1井钻遇花岗岩,K-Ar体积法测定年龄113 Ma,均为白垩纪。
华北期岩浆活动活跃时间相对短,但对东海陆架盆地也有一定的影响。如A4井就钻遇两处该期岩浆岩,分别为安山岩和凝灰岩。凹陷内A4井钻遇安山岩和凝灰岩,K-Ar体积法测定年龄42.5和45.9 Ma。
喜马拉雅山期岩浆活动程度减弱,受构造、断裂因素影响大,岩浆岩主要发育于隆起部位和断裂区。浙闽一带多出露为玄武岩,其次为安山岩。西湖凹陷A5井钻遇凝灰岩,K-Ar体积法测定年龄14.7 Ma。
对东海陆架盆地构造、沉积影响较大的岩浆活动主要有四川期、华北期和喜马拉雅期,它们促使了盆地中部隆起带和钓鱼岛隆褶带岩浆岩的广泛发育。前人研究[11,16-19]认为,自浙闽陆区至东海陆架盆地,岩浆活动具自西向东逐渐变新趋势。针对本区而言,在四川期和华北期岩浆活动影响下,海礁隆起发育大面积的花岗岩(图3),A3井钻遇的花岗岩基底即来自源于此,在本区具有一定的代表性。
3. 优质基底岩浆岩储层特征
3.1 储集空间类型
西湖凹陷平北地区花岗岩储集空间按成因分为2种类型,分别为次生孔隙和裂缝。
3.1.1 次生孔隙
晶内溶蚀孔,多为长石被溶蚀形成,少数为石英溶蚀形成,呈不规则的树枝状、港湾状,或完全溶蚀矿物,连通性较好,是本区良好的储集空间。粒内溶蚀孔,岩屑部分或全部被溶蚀形成,呈不规则状,连通性较好,既可以起到良好的连通作用,又具有储集性能,对储层物性起着良好的改善作用(图4)。
3.1.2 裂缝
研究区花岗岩裂缝按成因可分为构造缝、溶蚀缝和解理缝3种。
构造缝,规模不等,既有穿切整个花岗岩体的裂缝,也有数毫米的微裂缝。本区花岗岩构造缝缝面平直,有一定方向性,连通性好,是很好的油气运移通道(图5)。
图 5 A3井基底花岗岩裂缝特征a. A3井,4 052.56 m,花岗岩,构造缝,正交偏光,×10;b. A3井,4 052.56 m,花岗岩,溶蚀缝,正交偏光,×10Figure 5. Characteristics of granite cracks, Well A3a. Structural fracture, granite, Well A3, at 4 052.56 m, polars crossed, 10×(+); b. Dissolution fracture, granite, Well A3, at 4 052.56 m, polars crossed, 10×(+)溶蚀缝,缝面凹凸不平,缝宽不一,溶蚀缝具有空间分布无方向性的特点,是良好的渗流通道和储集空间(图5)。
解理缝,主要发育在平北地区花岗岩的晶体中,规模较小,黑云母和斜长石斑晶内的解理缝为主;
本区基底潜山储层储集空间以构造裂缝的比例最大,比例为41%,粒内溶蚀孔和晶内溶蚀孔出现频率次之,均为26%,溶蚀缝和解理缝出现频数所占比例比较小,分别为4%和3%。
A3井主要在上部发育凝灰岩,下部发育花岗岩。在凝灰岩部分主要的储集空间类型为溶蚀孔和构造裂缝。在花岗岩部分构造裂缝和溶蚀孔比较常见。A3井上部受到风化淋滤作用,溶解作用呈先增强后减弱的趋势,构造作用逐渐增加至花岗岩部分之后均保持很常见的趋势(图6)。
3.2 储层储集物性特征
压汞法是目前储层孔隙结构研究的经典方法,该方法所测得的毛细管压力曲线是研究孔喉特征、评价储层的储集和生产性能的基础。本节对研究区A7井、A3井、A6井20个样品的压汞资料进行了研究(图7)。
主要依据数据进行曲线分类及特征描述。在A7井安山岩隐爆角砾岩的压汞曲线可以看出排驱压力大,汞饱和度中值压力较高,最大饱和度较高。其毛管压力曲线有平台,分选较好,细歪度。孔喉半径小,渗透率低,储层物性一般。A3井花岗岩的排驱压力小,孔喉半径大,渗透率高。汞饱和度中值压力中等,最大饱和度较高,其毛管压力曲线几乎无平台,斜坡状,细歪度,分选不好,储层物性较好。A6井的沉积岩中,排驱压力小,汞饱和度中值压力中等,最大饱和度值高。毛管曲线有平台,分选中等,粗歪度。孔喉半径大,渗透率高,储层物性好。可见,沉积岩的储层物性好于花岗岩储层好于安山质隐爆角砾岩储层。
4. 基底潜山优质储层预测与意义
花岗岩属于极为坚硬致密的岩石,与常规沉积岩相比,更加复杂,纵、横向变化更快[15]。构造应力和风化破碎使得致密的花岗岩产生了许多裂缝,越致密,脆性越强,构造裂缝越容易形成和保存。同时,大气淡水淋滤作用使花岗岩自浅而深溶蚀强度逐渐减弱[20-22]。
A3井钻遇灰白色黑云母花岗岩,41%的储集空间为构造裂缝,裂缝的发育不仅增加了储集空间,还使得原本孤立的原生孔隙得到连通,是优质储层的主要控制因素。前人研究表明,垂向上花岗岩风化壳裂缝分布具有分带性[23-24],依据裂缝的不同发育特征将花岗岩储层分为3种类型:①Ⅰ型,外形似漏斗状,断面破碎带沿着断层面由基岩顶部到底部逐渐收窄,风化壳顶部裂缝基本被充填,中上部裂缝发育,为主要的油气储集层发育带,下部为基岩(以也门油田为例(2009)[25]);②Ⅱ型,外形似酒瓶状,风化壳自上而下分层明显,分别为土壤、砂岩、砂砾岩、裂缝带和基岩。其中,砂砾岩和裂缝带为优质储层发育带(渤海蓬莱花岗岩潜山例)[26-27];③Ⅲ型:外形似茶杯状,顶部孔洞缝发育,颈部主要为垂直缝,中下部为裂缝发育带,包括构造缝、溶蚀缝等,是优质储层发育带,下部为基岩(以渤海湾锦州25-1S潜山钻井为例[28])。参照对比前人研究成果,并通过声波测井曲线、密度测井曲线、深浅侧向电阻率测井曲线分析以及薄片特征分析,推断本区花岗岩储层裂缝分布情况应属于Ⅰ型(图8)。
结合溶蚀特征和裂缝特征,将本区花岗岩储层发育模式划分为3个主要部分(图9):b. 上部,裂缝充填致密层。大气淡水淋滤作用和构造应力影响大,溶蚀作用发育,裂缝分布广泛,但由于风化充填严重,裂缝、溶蚀孔洞大多被充填,储集空间小,孔喉条件差,储层致密;c. 中部,优质层。大气淡水淋滤作用和构造应力影响有所减弱,溶蚀作用较为发育,构造缝、成岩缝及断裂伴生缝仍然大量发育,风化充填作用减弱,储集空间大,孔喉条件好,储层质量好;d. 下部,致密层,大气淡水淋滤作用和构造应力影响小,溶蚀不发育,裂缝分布少,储集空间最小,孔喉条件最差,储层最为致密。
图 9 平北区基底潜山优质储层发育模式a. 上覆沉积物,b. 上部:致密层,裂缝被充填,c. 中部:裂缝层,构造缝和成岩缝发育,d. 下部:致密层,基岩,e. 花岗岩冲刷沉积物Figure 9. Development model of high quality reservoir in a basement buried hill in Pingbei regiona. Overlying sediment, b. Top: tight layers, c. Middle: fracture developed layer, rich in tectonic and dissolution fractures, d. Bottom: tight layers, basement, e. Sediments formed by erosion of granite综合本区裂缝发育特征及风化溶蚀模式分析,优质花岗岩储层应具备以下几个先决条件:位于潜山中上部位,大气淡水淋滤作用强、构造应力强度大、近断层断裂发育区。
5. 结论
(1)平北区基底储层主要为花岗岩储层,储集空间按成因分为2种类型,分别是次生孔隙和裂缝,裂缝为主;花岗岩储层物性好于安山质隐爆角砾岩储层。
(2)平北区基底岩浆岩储层垂向上具有分带性,具Ⅰ型储层发育模式,即上部,裂缝充填致密层。风化充填作用强,储集空间小,孔喉条件差,储层致密;中部,优质层。风化充填作用减弱,溶蚀作用发育,构造缝、成岩缝及断裂伴生缝分布广泛,储集空间大,孔喉条件好,储层质量好;下部,致密层。无风化充填,溶蚀不发育,裂缝分布少,储集空间最小,孔喉条件最差,储层最为致密。
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图 2 研究区部分放射虫(比例尺为100 μm)
1. Dictyocoryne elegans(Ehrenberg)(站位号29),2. Dictyocoryne muelleri(Haeckel)(站位号29), 3. Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus(Haeckel)(站位号29), 4. Phorticium pylonium Zhang and Suzuki(站位号27), 5. Phorticium polycladum Tan and Tchang(站位号27), 6. Tetrapyle group(站位号29), 7. Acanthodesmia vinculata(Müller)(站位号27), 8. Amphispyris reticulata(Ehrenberg)(站位号29),9. Botryocyrtis scutum(Harting)(站位号29), 10. Pterocanium praetextum praetextum(Ehrenberg)(站位号29), 11. Actinomma leptodermum(Jørgensen)(站位号27), 12. Lithelius minor Jørgensen(站位号27), 13. Lithelius nautiloides Popofsky(站位号29), 14. Cornutella profunda Ehrenberg(站位号29), 15. Cycladophora davisiana Ehrenberg(站位号29)。
Figure 2. Some radiolarian species in the research area(Scale bars=100 μm)
图 5 放射虫暖水种和上层水环境变量的RDA排序图
a. 物种和环境变量排序图,b. 样品和环境变量排序图。蓝色圆圈代表冲绳海槽站位,绿色圆圈代表南海站位,洋红色代表菲律宾海站位。Oxy_a200m为200 m年均溶解氧含量,Si_w75m为75 m冬季平均硅酸盐含量,Pho_s200m为200 m夏季平均磷酸盐含量,Tem_s125m为125 m夏季平均温度,Sal_w75m为75 m冬季平均盐度。
Figure 5. The sequence diagram of the RDA of warm water radiolarian species and upper water environmental variables
a. Sequence diagram of species and environmental variables, b. Sequence diagram of samples and environmental variables. The blue circle represents the station of Okinawa Trough, the green circle represents the station of South China Sea, and the magenta represents the station of Philippine Sea. Oxy_a200m is the annual mean dissolved oxygen content at 200 m, Si_w75m is the winter mean silicate content at 75 m, Pho_s200m is the summer mean phosphate content at 200 m, Tem_s125m is the summer mean temperature at 125 m, and Sal_w75m is the winter mean salinity at 75 m.
图 6 典型冷水种和中层水环境变量RDA分析排序图
a. 物种和环境变量排序图,b. 样品和环境变量排序图。Oxy_2000m为2000 m年平均溶解氧含量,Tem_3000m为3000 m年平均温度,Si_1000m为1000 m年平均硅酸盐含量,Pho_2200m为2200 m年平均磷酸盐含量,Nit_2200m为2200 m年平均硝酸盐含量。
Figure 6. RDA sequence diagram of typical cold water species and intermediate water environmental variables
a. sequence diagram of species and environmental variables, b. sequence diagram of samples and environmental variables. Oxy_2000m is the annual mean dissolved oxygen content at 2000 m, Tem_3000m is the annual mean temperature at 3000 m, Si_1000m is the anneal mean silicate content at 1000 m, Pho_2200m is the anneal mean phosphate content at 2200 m, and Nit_2200m is the anneal mean nitrate at 2200 m.
表 1 研究站位位置、水深、放射虫丰度以及放射虫三大类(泡沫虫目、罩笼虫目和胶球虫目)的相对丰度
Table 1 Sampling locations, water depths, total radiolarian abundance, and relative abundance of Spumellaria, Nassellaria, and Collodaria of three order of radiolarian
站位号 位置 水深 /m 放射虫总丰度/(枚/g) 泡沫虫目相对丰度/% 罩笼虫目相对丰度/% 胶球虫目相对丰度/% 1 11.4°N,142.36°E 10853 60051 44.52 54.30 1.18 2 11.64°N,135.19°E 4092 1061 74.90 20.59 4.51 3 14.56°N,133.22°E 5466 80634 52.11 41.48 6.40 4 16.07°N,134.01°E 5472 164 34.78 60.87 4.35 5 16.07°N,133.48°E 5370 9 76.92 23.08 0 6 16.53°N,136.21°E 5060 1181 54.31 40.52 5.17 7 19.23°N,131.64°E 6059 1703 40.70 37.21 22.09 8 19.7°N,126.06°E 5404 38204 43.91 52.88 3.21 9 20.12°N,131.18°E 5801 898 19.32 63.64 17.05 10 17.83°N,126.71°E 5380 81801 50.79 44.94 4.27 11 19.7°N,126.53°E 4882 2325 42.65 35.29 22.06 12 19.69°N,130.7°E 5761 14866 48.82 42.01 9.17 13 17.9°N,129.3°E 5307 13600 53.21 41.44 5.35 14 17.92°N,130.71°E 5708 32243 39.71 52.17 8.12 15 16.99°N,128.82°E 5505 9293 48.04 43.20 8.76 16 23.74°N,135.65°E 5270 21952 60.51 31.94 7.54 17 24.6°N,135.63°E 5370 8269 67.19 25.52 7.29 18 26.31°N,135.92°E 5392 8711 62.21 31.57 6.22 19 27.14°N,135.64°E 5050 23250 62.57 34.67 2.76 20 27.97°N,135.65°E 4865 17102 70.22 25.93 3.86 21 28.77°N,136.7°E 4560 9257 73.62 20.41 5.96 22 29.34°N,135.65°E 4439 3766 86.53 12.03 1.43 23 29.89°N,136.42°E 4725 8901 72.12 24.65 3.23 24 30.44°N,128.89°E 781 10235 85.24 11.99 2.77 25 30.1°N,128.49°E 885 37924 55.23 44.40 0.37 26 26.9°N,126.39°E 1266 3045 78.58 15.83 5.59 27 26.08°N,126.08°E 2044 6414 76.65 16.95 6.40 28 26.03°N,125.85°E 2064 10062 64.74 32.76 2.50 29 24.03°N,122.5°E 1800 5740 73.34 22.96 3.70 30 21.52°N,120°E 3010 7053 40.30 58.96 0.75 31 20.49°N,119.96°E 3347 23908 32.93 65.87 1.20 32 21.75°N,119.47°E 2709 115522 41.09 57.17 1.74 33 21.79°N,118.54°E 2049 18319 47.58 50.97 1.45 34 21.3°N,118.85°E 2620 46887 50.30 48.49 1.21 35 21.28°N,118.24°E 2184 41087 51.43 47.43 1.14 36 20.61°N,118.36°E 2540 90291 54.19 43.01 2.80 37 20.17°N,118.75°E 2893 90042 46.12 51.53 2.35 38 18.01°N,118.03°E 3888 75833 41.76 56.26 1.98 39 19.22°N,115.98°E 2612 86607 50.31 47.84 1.86 40 17.98°N,116°E 3865 75229 35.37 62.44 2.20 41 19.89°N,115.11°E 1182 83800 40.10 55.13 4.77 42 18.77°N,114.13°E 1575 100490 53.66 44.39 1.95 43 18.35°N,112.27°E 1564 101667 44.26 52.82 2.91 44 18.21°N,111.5°E 1808 17314 43.18 55.33 1.50 表 2 菲律宾海放射虫组合和环境变量的RDA分析结果
Table 2 RDA results of radiolarian assemblage and environmental variables in the Philippine Sea(I for warm species-upper environments, II for cold species-intermediate environments)
类型 参数 轴1 轴2 轴3 轴4 总方差 I 特征值 0.325 0.063 0.03 0.006 1 物种-环境相关性 0.676 0.686 0.614 0.489 变量累积百分比 物种数据 32.5 38.8 41.8 42.4 物种-环境关系 76.3 91.1 98.2 99.5 所有特征值总和 1 所有典范特征值总和 0.426 II 特征值 0.268 0.113 0.052 0 1 物种-环境相关性 0.87 0.554 0.455 0.271 变量累积百分比 物种数据 26.8 38.1 43.2 43.3 物种-环境关系 61.9 88 99.9 100 所有特征值总和 1 所有典范特征值总和 0.433 注:I 暖水种-上层水环境因子,II 冷水种-中深层水环境因子。 -
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