Magnetic properties of sediments and their implications for sedimentary dynamic environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River
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摘要: 利用2010年1月与2010年8月采集的钱塘江中下游河床沉积物粒度和磁性测量数据以及2010年8月测量的流速数据，分析了沉积物粒度和磁性的时空分布特征，探讨了粒度和磁性参数对沉积动力环境的指示意义。结果表明：（1）冬季河床沉积物以粉砂和黏土为主，夏季以粉砂和砂为主，沉积物粒度呈现从中游到富春江水库逐渐变细、近口段到河口段逐渐变粗的规律，并且冬季粒度总体上细于夏季，指示夏季以及河口段较强的水动力环境。（2）磁性矿物含量从中游到下游呈现逐渐减少的趋势，夏季磁性矿物含量比冬季高。磁性矿物中亚铁磁性矿物占主导地位，夏季亚铁磁性矿物的含量高于冬季。（3）χfd%、χARM、χARM/SIRM和χARM/χ可以作为这个区域冬季＜16 μm的细颗粒沉积物的代用指标，χfd%和χARM/χ可以作为夏季＜32 μm细颗粒沉积物的代用指标。（4）沉积物磁性参数χfd%、χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM同样呈现出从中游到富春江水库逐渐变大、而从近口段到河口段逐渐变小的趋势，这与沉积物磁性矿物晶粒对沉积动力环境的响应是密切相关的，其中参数χfd%与χARM更能有效地反映沉积动力环境。Abstract: Based on the particle size and magnetic characteristics of the sediments collected in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in January 2010 and August 2010, as well as the flow velocity data measured in August 2010, the temporal and spatial distribution of particle size and magnetism of the sediments are analyzed, and their indication significance to the sedimentary dynamic environment dicussed. Results show that the river bottom sediments are mainly composed of silt and clay in winter, but dominated by silt and sand in summer. The grain size of the sediments gradually gets fining from middle reaches to the Fuchunjiang Reservoir and becomes coarse from near-mouth section to estuary; the particle size is smaller in winter in general, indicating a stronger hydrodynamic environment in the estuary in summer. The content of magnetic minerals gradually decreases from the middle reaches to the lower reaches. The content of magnetic minerals in summer is higher than that in winter. Ferrimagnetic minerals dominate magnetic minerals, and there are more ferrimagnetic minerals in summer. χfd%,χARM, χARM/SIRM and χARM/χ can be used as proxies for the sediments finer than 16 μm in the study area in winter, while χfd% and χARM/χ be used as indicators for sediments finer than 32 μm in summer. χfd%, χARM, χARM/χ and χARM/SIRM also show an increasing trend from middle reaches to the Fuchunjiang Reservoir, while show a decreasing trend from near-mouth section to estuary. This is closely related to the response of the sediment magnetic crystals to the sedimentary dynamic environment. χfd% and χARM can reflect the sedimentary dynamic environment more effectively.
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图 2 钱塘江中下游流域河床沉积物中值粒径沿程变化
Figure 2. Changes of median grain size of bed sediments along the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River
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图 3 钱塘江中下游流域河床沉积物质量磁化率（χ）沿程变化
Figure 3. Changes of mass magnetic susceptibility （χ） of bed sediments along the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River
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图 4 钱塘江中下游流域河床沉积物饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）沿程变化
Figure 4. Changes of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of bed sediments along the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River
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图 5 钱塘江中下游流域河床沉积物饱和硬剩磁（HIRM）沿程变化
Figure 5. Changes of hard remanent magnetization (HIRM) of bed sediments along the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River
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图 6 磁性参数
$ \chi $ 和SIRM之间的相关关系Figure 6. Correlation between magnetic parameter
$ \chi $ and SIRM![]()
图 7 钱塘江中下游流域冬季河床沉积物S-100插值图
Figure 7. S-100 interpolation map of bed sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in winter
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图 8 钱塘江中下游流域夏季河床沉积物S-100插值图
Figure 8. S-100 interpolation map of bed sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in summer
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图 9 钱塘江中下游流域冬季
$ {\chi }_{\rm{fd \%}} $ 、$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ 、$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /$ \chi $ 和$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /SIRM参数的沿程变化Figure 9. Changes of
$ {\chi }_{\rm{fd \%}} $ ,$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ ,$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /$ \chi $ and$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /SIRM parameters along the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in winter![]()
图 10 钱塘江中下游流域夏季
$ {\chi }_{\rm{fd \%}} $ 、$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ 、$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /$ \chi $ 和$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /SIRM参数的沿程变化Figure 10. Changes of
$ {\chi }_{\rm{fd \%}} $ ,$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ ,$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /$ \chi $ and$ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ /SIRM parameters along the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in summer![]()
图 11 钱塘江中下游流域夏季流速大小分布图
Figure 11. Flow velocity distribution of the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in summer
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图 12 钱塘江中下游冬夏季河床沉积物各组分含量分布图
Figure 12. Content distribution of each component of bed sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in winter and summer
表 1 钱塘江中下游流域河床沉积物粒度参数统计
Table 1 Statistics of grain size parameters of bed sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River
位置 季节 砂/% 粉砂/% 黏土/% 中值粒径/Φ 河口段 冬季 26.23 65.45 6.99 4.53 夏季 38.23 55.25 5.52 4.33 近口段 冬季 9.33 61.33 25.07 6.35 夏季 25.74 58.22 13.58 4.95 中游段 冬季 12.31 56.00 27.58 6.70 夏季 10.47 60.44 25.11 6.59 
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表 2 钱塘江中下游流域冬季河床沉积物磁性参数与粒度参数的相关性
Table 2 Correlations between magnetic parameters and grain size characteristics of bed sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in winter
粒级/μm $ \chi $ SIRM HIRM $ {\chi }_{\rm{fd \%}} $ $ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ $ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $/SIRM $ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $/$ \chi $ ＜2 0.211 0.198 0.183 0.494** 0.580** 0.413** 0.556** ＜4 0.182 0.180 0.189 0.551** 0.604** 0.471** 0.609** ＜8 0.159 0.169 0.209 0.604** 0.632** 0.521** 0.654** ＜16 0.164 0.192 0.231* 0.620** 0.653** 0.529** 0.662** ＜32 0.179 0.205 0.204 0.570** 0.618** 0.496** 0.605** ＜63 0.125 0.082 0.008 0.308** 0.303** 0.325** 0.283* 2～4 0.138 0.143 0.194 0.611** 0.615** 0.535** 0.662** 4～8 0.107 0.141 0.234* 0.671** 0.650** 0.588** 0.706** 8～16 0.170 0.243* 0.269* 0.576** 0.637** 0.483** 0.593** 16～32 0.029 0.018 −0.165 −0.369** −0.314** −0.283* −0.410** 32～63 −0.164 −0.261* −0.345** −0.623** −0.712** −0.470** −0.714** 砂 −0.125 −0.082 −0.008 −0.308** −0.303** −0.325** −0.283** 粉砂 0.030 −0.084 −0.192 −0.189 −0.247** −0.073** −0.279** 黏土 0.180 0.182 0.199 0.564** 0.611** 0.475** 0.617** 平均粒径 0.129 0.131 0.124 0.447** 0.482** 0.443** 0.487** 中值粒径 0.143 0.143 0.141 0.489** 0.478** 0.418** 0.454** 注：**表示在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关；*表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关。
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表 3 钱塘江中下游流域夏季河床沉积物磁性参数与粒度参数的相关性
Table 3 Correlations between magnetic parameters and grain size characteristics of bed sediments in the middle and lower reaches of the Qiantang River in summer
粒级/μm $ \chi $ SIRM HIRM $ {\chi }_{\rm{fd \%}} $ $ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $ $ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $/SIRM $ {\chi }_{\rm{ARM}} $/$ \chi $ ＜2 0.222 0.318* 0.420** 0.386** 0.190 0.252* 0.406** ＜4 0.219 0.302* 0.409** 0.410** 0.190 0.267* 0.417** ＜8 0.214 0.280* 0.396** 0.429** 0.183 0.280* 0.422** ＜16 0.182 0.252* 0.384** 0.491** 0.179 0.313* 0.436** ＜32 0.120 0.194 0.362** 0.517** 0.168 0.337** 0.428** ＜63 −0.028 −0.009 0.230 0.393** 0.105 0.289* 0.290** 2～4 0.214 0.281* 0.393** 0.436** 0.189 0.282* 0.426** 4～8 0.193 0.230 0.349** 0.428** 0.160 0.281* 0.400** 8～16 0.074 0.143 0.021 0.560** 0.141 0.340** 0.398** 16～32 −0.216 −0.178 0.023 0.269* 0.005 0.206 0.102 32～63 −0.289* −0.404** −0.317* −0.342** −0.151 −0.165 −0.346** 砂 0.025 0.004 −0.232 −0.397** −0.106 −0.290* −0.293* 粉砂 −0.184 −0.213 0.047 0.271* 0.019 0.222 0.124 黏土 0.221 0.302* 0.408** 0.411** 0.191 0.267* 0.418** 平均粒径 0.111 0.153 0.349** 0.436** 0.158 0.297* 0.371** 中值粒径 0.109 0.151 0.340** 0.414** 0.141 0.279* 0.354** 注：**表示在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关；*表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关。
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