Unparallel MIS13 climate evolution between western and eastern Chinese Loess Plateau
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摘要: 根据黄土高原中东部地区黄土沉积物的地质记录，前人研究推断MIS13时期北半球气候为高温高湿环境，然而，这似乎与黄土高原西部黄土沉积物的地质记录存在差别。本研究通过综合前人的研究结果，对比黄土高原东西部地区MIS13时期的古气候及古土壤风化强度在空间上的梯度分布，发现两地的古气候演化存在不对称性。对比MIS13时期低纬度的亚非季风区和北半球中高纬度地区气候状况得出：高降水量环境仅存在于亚非季风区大部分地区，但当时是否呈现高温环境值得商榷；北半球中高纬地区则显著不同，呈现相对较干冷的间冰期气候。由此推断，MIS13时期黄土高原东西部地区之间气候演化的不对称现象可能是季风缺少动力因素，对黄土高原西部影响较小，且长时间停留在黄土高原中东部地区所致；而在此之后的间冰期，由于季风的扩展和加深可能进一步加剧黄土高原西部地区S5S1古土壤风化强度与年轻古土壤层的差别。Abstract: The quasi-continuously deposited Chinese loess is widely recognized as one of the most important paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental archive for Quaternary climate. The paleosol layer S5S1, corresponding to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13, is the most prominent paleosol layer in the central Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). According to the pedogenesis evidence there, previous studies suggested that the North Hemisphere was then dominated by humid and warm climate under the strong East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). It seems contradicted with the common understanding that the period was prevailed by large global ice volumes in the past interglacials. Recently, it is found that in some of the CLP loess sequences, the phenomenon is lacking. Then a question is raised if the EASM is really strong at that time. In this study, we made a thorough review of previous studies, and discovered that the strongly pedogenic S5S1 units are located in the East and Central CLP only, while the pedogenesis was weak in the West CLP. Comparing the Africa-Asian monsoon records with those in the region of mid- and high latitudes in the North Hemisphere, it is found that the abnormal MIS13 climate occurred only in the Africa-Asian monsoon region, but not the high latitude region of the North Hemisphere. In addition, the abnormal climate on CLP is possibly characterized by humidity, but not temperature. Based on the facts mentioned above, it is proposed that the EASM did not cover the region of West CLP during MIS13 benefited from the atmosphere dynamics, which caused the unparallel pedogenesis of loess-paleosol sequences between the West and East CLP.
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图 1 文章中涉及的研究点位置图（a）与黄土高原及附近地区位置图（b）
1—8依次为西峰、长武、灵台、宝鸡、靖远、西津村、Darai Kalon、西伯利亚黄土剖面，9. 贝加尔湖BDP-96-2钻孔，10和11分别为西伯利亚地区Ledyanaya lenskaya洞和Botovskaya洞石笋，12. 南海ODP1146-b钻孔，13. 阿拉伯海MD90-0963钻孔，14. 阿拉伯海MD04-2881钻孔，15. 地中海KC-01钻孔，16. 北大西洋IODP-U1308钻孔，17. 北大西洋ODP 646钻孔，18. 东赤道太平洋钻孔ODP806-b。
Figure 1. a. location of research sections used in this paper, b. sections from Chinese Loess Plateau
No. 1—8 indicates the locations of loess sections at Xifeng, Changwu, Lingtai, Baoji, Jingyuan, Xinjincun, Darai Kalon, and Siberian loess; lake sediment core BDP-96-2 from Baikal lake; stalagmites from Ledyanaya lenskaya and Botovskaya caves; oceanic core ODP 1146b, MD90-0963, MD04-2881, KC-01, IODP-U1308, ODP 646, ODP806-b.
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图 2 黄土高原中东部与西部黄土剖面记录的古气候演化历史对比
a、b图为西峰剖面记录[5]，c图为长武剖面记录[5]，d图为灵台剖面记录[17]，e图为靖远剖面粒度数据[18,19]，f图为靖远剖面磁化率数据[18,19]，g图为西津村剖面磁化率数据[20]，剖面位置如图1所示。
Figure 2. Correlation of paleoclimate records among central, eastern and western Chinese Loess Plateau
a and b from Xifeng section[5], c from Changwu section[5], d from Lingtai section[17], e and f from Jingyuan section[18,19], g from Xijincun section[20]. The locations of sections are marked in figure 1.
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图 3 黄土高原古风化强度沿纬向变化特征 （引自文献[6]）
左图中空心点和实心点分别表示S4和L1层位古风化强度的空间变化，右图中空心点和实心点分别表示S5和L1层位古风化强度的空间变化
Figure 3. Latitudinal changes of paleoweathering intensity in the units L1 （solid cycles）, S4 （hollow cycles in left plot）, and S5 （hollow cycles in right plot）from Chinese Loess Plateau （after reference [6]）
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图 4 海洋沉积物记录的800 kaBP以来的古气候演化历史
（a、b.阿拉伯海MD04-2881孔[7]，c.南海ODP1146-b孔[30]，d.赤道西太平洋ODP806-b孔[31]，e.北大西洋IODP-U1308孔[32]）
Figure 4. The 800 ka paleoclimate change recorded in oceanic sediment
a、b. Core MD04-2881 from Arabian Sea[7]. c. Core ODP1146-b from South China Sea[30]. d. Core ODP806-b from equatorial western Pacific Ocean[31]. e. Core IODP U1308 from North Atlantic Ocean.
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图 5 西伯利亚典型黄土序列与中国、塔吉克斯坦黄土剖面序列对比图
（西伯利亚黄土图片来自Matasova博士，中国和塔吉克斯坦黄土剖面照片引自文献[35]）
Figure 5. The pictures of loess sections from Chinese Loess Plateau, Tajikistan, Siberia, respectively
（The picture of Siberian loess was sourced from Dr. Matasova. And the pictures of Chinese and Siberian loesses were sourced from reference [35]）
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