Tectonic evolution of the Yap trench-arc system
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摘要: 雅浦沟-弧体系具有十分独特的地质特征，雅浦岛弧以变质岩为主，岛弧岩浆作用较为缺乏，同时雅浦沟-弧距离异常短，增生楔缺失。在总结雅浦沟-弧系统及其邻区的地球化学、地球物理以及构造特征等证据的基础上，探讨了雅浦沟-弧系统的构造演化过程。雅浦岛上的变质基底具有相对较高的K2O含量、高Ti含量以及较低的87Sr/86Sr比值，表明雅浦岛上的变质基底为帕里西维拉海盆洋壳的一部分。雅浦海沟东侧存在一块水深较深的三角形区域将雅浦岛弧与加罗林海岭间隔开来，地球物理特征显示该区域并没有受到加罗林热点的影响，说明加罗林海岭并没有与雅浦岛弧直接碰撞。结合帕里西维拉海盆在20～15 Ma的NE-SW向扩张以及与之相关的海盆东西两侧洋壳发生的左旋相对移动，推测雅浦海沟很可能是雅浦岛弧东侧的扩张中心暴露转变成的俯冲带，而雅浦海沟东侧的三角形区域则为俯冲板片重新暴露的结果。
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关键词:
- 雅浦岛弧 /
- 帕里西维拉海盆 /
- 索罗尔海槽；构造演化
Abstract: The geological characteristics of the Yap trench-arc system is quite unique, which is dominated by metamorphic rocks and lack of island arc magmatism. Meanwhile, the trench-island distance of the Yap trench-arc system is abnormally short and the accretion wedge is absent. In this paper, the tectonic evolution of the Yap trench-arc system is discussed on the basis of geochemical, geophysical and tectonic data. The metamorphic basement of Yap island has relatively high K2O, Ti and low 87Sr/86Sr ratio, which indicates that the basement is once the oceanic crust of the Parece-Vela basin. A deep triangular area is located on the east side of the Yap trench which separates the Yap island arc from the Caroline ridge. The geophysical characteristics of this triangular area demonstrate that the area has not been affected by the Caroline Hotspot, and then the Caroline ridge does not collide with the Yap island arc directly. Considering the spreading of the Parece-Vela basin in NE-SW trending at 20～15 Ma and the relative sinistral movement of the oceanic crust on both sides of the Parece-Vela basin, the Yap trench is probably a subduction zone formed by the exposure of the spreading center on the eastern side of the Yap island arc, while the triangular area on the eastern side of the Yap trench is caused by the re-exposure of the subduction plates.-
Keywords:
- Yap island arc /
- Parece-Vela basin /
- Sorol trough;tectonic evolution
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图 1 四国海盆、帕里西维拉海盆以及加罗林板块区域构造简图（a）与雅浦岛弧及周边的区域地质概况（b）
水深数据来源于GEBCO 2019；地震数据来源于USGS和CMT
Figure 1. a: Regional tectonic map of the Shikoku basin, the Parece-Vela basin and the Caroline plate; b: Geological map of the Yap arc and its vicinity
bathymetry data from GEBCO 2019; Earthquake data from USGS and CMT
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图 3 雅浦岛变质岩和岛弧岩浆岩F1-F2图解（a）与雅浦组变质岩Cr-Ti图解(b)及帕里西维拉海盆洋壳以及马里亚纳火山弧的Pb-Sr同位素图解（c）
WPB：板内玄武岩；SHO：钾玄岩；CAB：钙碱性玄武岩；LKT：低钾拉斑玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩；OFB：洋底玄武岩. 雅浦组变质岩数据来自于参考文献[3, 4, 26]，雅浦岛弧岩浆岩数据来自于参考文献[19]，帕里西维拉海盆数据来自于参考文献[27-29]，马里亚纳火山弧数据来自于参考文献[30-34]，全球岛弧数据来自于GEOROC
Figure 3. a: F1-F2 diagram of the metamorphic rocks and island arc igneous rocks from the Yap island(WPB: Within Plate Basalts; SHO: Shoshonites; CAB: Calc-Alkali Basalts; LKT: Low-potassium Tholeiites and Island Arc Basalts; OFB: Ocean Floor Basalts); b: Cr-Ti diagram of the metamorphic rocks from the Yap Formation; c: Isotope Pb-Sr diagram of the Parece-Vela basin and the Mariana volcanic arc
(Data source: Metamorphic rocks of Yap group: [3, 4, 26]; island arc igneous rocks from the Yap Island: [19]; Parece-Vela Basin: [27-29]; Mariana volcanic arc: [27-29]; global island arc: GEOROC)
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图 4 雅浦岛弧及周边区域自由空间重力异常（a）与布格重力异常（b）、莫霍面起伏(c)及地磁场强度（d）
a、b的数据来源于BGI，d的数据来源于NGDC
Figure 4. a: The free air gravity anomalies of the Yap arc and its vicinity; b: the bouguer gravity anomalies; c: The undulation of Moho; d: The geomagnetic field intensity
a, b. data from BGI, d. geomagnetism data from NGDC
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