Application of geostatistical grain size trend analysis in the Luanhe River Subaqueous Delta
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摘要: 利用均匀分布于滦河水下三角洲的85个表层沉积物粒度数据，基于地统计学的粒径输运趋势方法对滦河水下三角洲沉积物的输运趋势及影响因素进行了研究。半方差函数分析表明，以0.015°（地球大圆弧度）为插值半径加密后（规则分布）的平均粒径半方差值具有随变程增加而增加的趋势，并在变程值达到0.09°后趋于稳定，而原始数据的半方差值与变程相关性较差。以此（0.09°）为特征距离计算的粒径输运结果显示，滦河水下三角洲南部水深12 m以浅区域粒径输运趋势以向南为主，北部具有向西和向北的趋势；水深12～15 m范围内粒径输运趋势近似西南方向，且趋势较大；南部水深15 m以深地区粒径输运趋势方向为西北向，北部为东南向。粒径输运趋势整体上与实测潮流、余流和泥沙输运方向一致，显示潮流对研究区沉积物的输运具有控制作用。滦河水下三角洲地区沉积环境和输运趋势受河流、波浪、潮流、残留沉积和地形等多种因素影响，粒径输运趋势仅能够较好地解释潮流影响，对于残留沉积等复杂沉积过程的解释则相对有限。Abstract: With the grain size data of 85 surface sediment samples collected from the Luanhe River Subaqueous Delta (LRSD), we studied the sediment transportation trend using the geostatistical grain size trend analysis method (GSTA) in this paper. It is revealed that the semi-variance value of mean grain size in a regular grid increases with distance until the distance reaches 0.09 decimal degree, while the irregular data shows no such a correlation with distance. Thus, the decimal degree of 0.09 is chosen as the character distance for grain size trend analysis. It is further revealed that the direction of the semi-variance is 55°, which is parallel to the tidal current, suggesting that the character distance is tide related. Geostatistical GSTA result further indicates that the net sediment transport trend direction in the south area, where the water depth is less than 12 m, is in southwest, whereas that in the north area, where the depth is less than 12 m, is in west and southwest directions. In the area with water depth between 12 and 15 m, the net sediment transport trend is in southwestern direction, roughly parallel to the coast line. In the area under water depth more than 15 m, the net sediment transport trend is northwest in direction in the southern part, but southeast direction in the northern part. The grain size net sediment transport trends mentioned above are similar to the field measured tidal current, residual current, and sediment transport directions suggesting a tide predominated sediment transportation. However, relict sediments, wave, river and bedform are more complex, which may give influences the grain size net sediment transport trend. The research results of the net sediment transport trend in LRSD may reveal the influence of tidal current. However, for an explanation to relict sediments, further researches are required.
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图 1 现代滦河三角洲位置及表层沉积物取样站位
Figure 1. Locations of the LRSD and surface sediment sampling stations in the study area
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图 2 滦河年内径流率、输沙率（a）与年际径流量、输沙量（b）
Figure 2. Monthly water discharge rate and sediment load rate （a） and annual water discharge and sediment load （b） of the Luanhe River
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图 3 滦河三角洲表层沉积物粒径平面分布
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of grain size parameters of the surface sediment samples collected from the LRSD
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图 4 原始（a、b）、规则（c、d）沉积物站位分布与半方差函数
Figure 4. Sampling locations and semi-variances for the irregular （a, b） and regular grids （c, d）
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图 5 滦河水下三角洲粒径净输运趋势
a. 插值后CB+模式，特征距离0.09°；b. 插值后FB-模式，特征距离0.09°；c. 未插值FB-模式，特征距离0.042°；d. 未插值FB-模式，特征距离0.059°。
Figure 5. Sediment transport trend in the modern LRSD
a. CB+ case of regular data with characteristic distance of 0.09 decimal degree; b. FB- case of regular data with characteristic distance of 0.09 decimal degree; c.FB- case of irregular data with characteristic distance of 0.042 decimal degree; d.FB- case of irregular data with characteristic distance of 0.059 decimal degree.
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图 8 滦河水下三角洲沉积物输运模式
红色实线为枯季余流，红色虚线表示枯季输沙，绿色实线为洪季余流，绿色虚线为洪季输沙。
Figure 8. Model of the sediment transportation in the LRSD
Red solid lines denote the residual current in dry season, red dotted lines denote the sediment transport in dry season, green solid lines denote the residual current in flood season, and green dotted lines denote the sediment transport in flood season.
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图 9 水深-离岸距离与平均粒径-离岸距离图 （位置见图1）
Figure 9. Plots of depth versus offshore distance and mean grain size versus offshore distance （see fig.1 for locations）
表 1 粒径参数的Wilcoxon符号秩检验（α=0.99）
Table 1 Wilcoxon non-parameter test for the grain size parameters（α=0.99）
插值半径/（°） 粒径参数 P 值 h 0.016 平均粒径 1 0 分选系数 1 0 偏态 1 0 0.015 平均粒径 1 0 分选系数 1 0 偏态 1 0 0.014 平均粒径 0.801 1 分选系数 0.801 1 偏态 0.801 1 
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