Ocean drilling and marine geology in China
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摘要: 中国的大洋钻探开始于20年前南海的ODP184航次。20年来，中国在国际大洋发现计划(IODP)中的作用大幅度提升，最近5年里在南海实现了三个半IODP航次以探索其裂谷与扩张过程。积极参加国际大洋钻探合作为中国的海洋地质学科带来了深刻的变化，不但将研究区域从近岸扩大到深海，而且壮大了中国深海科学研究队伍。边缘海构造和气候变化低纬驱动两方面的研究进展，就是成功的例子。现在中国为了增强在大洋钻探国际合作的作用，制定了三步走的方针。作为第二步，中国将提供执行钻探航次的钻井平台，从而进入大洋钻探的核心层。与此同时，中国提出在2020年主办国际学术大会，准备制定2023年以后的国际大洋钻探科学计划。对于中国深海科学界来说，这些新任务都将是空前的挑战，是否能够成功将取决于我们在科学上的准备程度。Abstract: In China, ocean drilling started twenty years ago with the ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) Leg 184 to the South China Sea.Over the twenty years, China has significantly enhanced its contributions to the IODP (International Ocean discovery Program), and 3 ½ IODP expeditions were implemented in the recent 5 years to explore the rifting and drifting processes of the South China Sea. Active participation in the international ocean drilling cooperation has led to profound changes in the marine geology science in China. It has not only geographically extended the research area from costal sea to deep ocean, but promoted the growth of a deep-sea scientific community in the country. Remarkable research progress has been made, for example, in the tectonics of marginal basin and the climate forcing by low-latitude processes. Now China has adopted a three step development strategy to further upgrade its role in the international cooperation. As for the 2nd step, Chins is ready to enter the core group of IODP by providing drilling facilities to implement the IODP expeditions. Meanwhile, China intends to host the next international conference in 2020 to prepare the new ocean drilling science plan beyond 2023. All these new targets present an unprecedented challenge to the Chinese deep-sea community, and the success will depend on its scientific preparation.
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Keywords:
- ocean drilling /
- deep-sea research /
- marine geology /
- South China Sea
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图 2 南海的成因假说
A.印支半岛逃逸说，主张原因在西边；B.古南海俯冲说，主张原因在南边；C.走滑断层说，主张原因在东边
Figure 2. Hypothetical models for the SCS formation
A. Extrusion mode, forcing from the west; B. Proto-South China Sea subduction model, forcing from the south; C. Strike-slip faulting model, forcing from the east
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图 3 气候演变驱动力示意图
Figure 3. A schematic diagram showing forcing areas of climate evolution
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图 4 世界各国大洋钻探航次建议人的分布(据2017年统计)
Figure 4. Geographic distribution of active proponents of ocean drilling proposals, as of 2017
表 1 南海大洋钻探钻井统计
Table 1 Scientific ocean drilling sites and expeditions to the South China Sea
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