Changes in heavy metal elements in the sediments from Changjiang Estuary and their environmental responses in recent 1500 years
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摘要: 对长江口泥质沉积区ZK6孔沉积物进行了粒度分析、同位素测年、8个重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量对比分析，综合评价了1500年以来沉积物粒度和重金属元素垂向变化特征，并从长江流域环境变化的角度揭示了流域人类活动对长江口沉积物元素赋存的影响规律。研究结果显示，ZK6孔平均沉积速率为1.85cm/a; As、Cd自底部到顶部表现出元素含量一直在逐步升高的趋势; Cr元素自底部到顶部，表现出元素含量逐步降低的趋势; Cu、Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn元素，表现出自底部到顶部先逐步降低后又含量升高的趋势; 除Cr外其他几个元素自2m以浅含量明显升高、变幅增大。8个重金属元素对长江流域环境变化的响应敏感程度由高到低依次为Cd>As>Hg>Cu>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cr。Cd、As、Hg是长江流域特别需要加强环境风险监控的指标，潜在的含量变化趋势应引起高度重视。Abstract: The sediment samples of the core ZK6 taken from the coastal muddy deposits of the Yangtze Estuary are analyzed for grain-size, isotopic activities and contents of eight heavy metal elements of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn by the authors. Comprehensive evaluation of the vertical variation in grain size and the heavy metal elements are carried out for the past 1500 years. Human activities and their influence on the element distribution patterns are revealed based on environment changes. The sedimentation rate of ZK6 core is 1.85cm/a on average. Both As and Cd show an increasing trend from bottom to top, while Cr a trend of gradual decrease. The contents of Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn elements show a decrease trend in the beginning and turn to increase later on. In addition to Cr, several other elements significantly increase from 2m upwards. The response sensitivity of 8 heavy metal elements to environmental changes in the basin range in a descending order of Cd>As>Hg>Cu> Pb>Zn>Ni>Cr. Cd, As and Hg are the alarm of the urgent need in environmental risk monitoring. In such a circumstance, special attention is required.
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Keywords:
- sediments /
- geochemistry /
- heavy metals /
- Yangtze River Basin /
- environmental response /
- Yangtze River Estuary
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图 2 ZK6孔沉积物比活度剖面图
Figure 2. Down-core changes in 210Pbex and 137Cs activities in core ZK6
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图 3 ZK6孔沉积物粒度垂向分布特征
Figure 3. Vertical distribution patterns of grain size parameters for Core ZK6
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图 5 Al校正后ZK6沉积物重金属垂向变化
Figure 5. Down-core distribution of aluminum-normalized heavy metals concentrations for ZK6
表 1 沉积物粒度参数统计
Table 1 Grain size parameters for Core ZK6
分层 参数 黏土
(＜4μm)粉砂
(4~63μm)砂
(63~2000μm)平均粒径/
μm平均粒径/
Φ中值粒径/
μm中值粒径/
Φ4 算术平均值 32.49 58.08 9.43 22.24 5.66 12.07 6.69 最大值 44.40 65.75 42.60 56.21 6.88 53.24 7.71 最小值 15.50 41.90 0.71 8.48 4.15 4.76 4.23 3 算术平均值 36.09 58.31 5.60 16.88 6.05 7.74 7.13 最大值 47.10 64.54 26.30 44.18 7.09 24.45 7.84 最小值 15.60 51.40 0.00 7.36 4.50 4.36 5.35 2 算术平均值 29.63 64.60 5.77 20.20 5.70 11.21 6.63 最大值 46.00 77.13 11.10 32.70 6.50 26.76 7.78 最小值 13.70 50.95 0.28 11.03 4.93 4.55 5.22 1 算术平均值 33.35 59.84 6.81 19.79 5.75 8.42 6.96 最大值 44.40 70.09 16.20 32.95 6.94 14.65 7.69 最小值 24.50 52.54 0.00 8.15 4.92 4.84 6.09 
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表 2 ZK6孔重金属元素与粒度相关参数相关性
Table 2 Relationship between heavy metals and grain size parameters for Core ZK6
As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn 黏土 粉砂 砂 平均粒径 中值粒径 As 1 Cd 0.83** 1 Cr -0.01 0.05 1 Cu 0.67** 0.77** 0.53** 1 Hg 0.53** 0.64** 0.11 0.58** 1 Ni 0.07 0.13 0.90** 0.63** 0.12 1 Pb 0.33** 0.34** 0.70** 0.67** 0.25* 0.73** 1 Zn 0.06 0.13 0.92** 0.62** 0.12 0.97** 0.76** 1 黏土 0.19 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.07 0.20 0.22* 0.21* 1 粉砂 -0.39** -0.30** -0.28** -0.35** -0.27** -0.25* -0.35** -0.25* -0.58** 1 砂 0.14 0.11 0.05 0.14 0.17 -0.01 0.06 -0.02 -0.66** -0.23* 1 平均粒径 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.01 0.150 0.14 0.15 0.86** -0.20 -0.85** 1 中值粒径 0.07 0.03 0.16 0.05 -0.02 0.18 0.16 0.19 0.97** -0.43** -0.76** 0.86** 1 注：**在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关；*在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关；N=95.
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表 3 沉积物重金属含量参数统计
Table 3 Statistics of heavy metal content for Core ZK6
mg/kg 分层 参数 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn 算术平均值 12.69 0.14 94.98 36.91 0.063 45.04 29.64 98.72 4 最大值 14.9 0.18 104 46.5 0.075 52.7 36.5 117 最小值 9.35 0.1 81.1 27.9 0.044 36.6 25.5 79.9 算术平均值 11.35 0.11 95.16 31.34 0.053 44.43 28.67 97.34 3 最大值 13.4 0.13 102 35.5 0.06 49.3 34 107 最小值 9.91 0.084 88.5 25.1 0.046 37.8 23.4 81.9 算术平均值 9.94 0.10 95.75 31.26 0.047 45.79 28.36 100.66 2 最大值 11.7 0.11 102 34.6 0.056 50.3 33.5 110 最小值 8.08 0.076 88.8 24.2 0.04 39 25.6 88.6 算术平均值 9.36 0.09 100.70 31.72 0.051 48.18 29.38 105.82 1 最大值 10.4 0.1 109 35.4 0.1 53 33.6 117 最小值 8 0.079 91.6 27.8 0.045 42.4 24.8 95.3
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表 4 ZK6孔沉积物重金属全孔含量最大、最小值深度统计
Table 4 Statistics of maximum and minimum depth of heavy metals for Core ZK6
统计参数 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn 算术平均值/(mg/kg) 10.73 0.107 96.6 32.5 0.053 45.8 28.9 100.6 最大值/(mg/kg) 14.9 0.18 109 46.5 0.075 53 36.5 117 最小值/(mg/kg) 8 0.076 81.1 24.2 0.04 36.6 23.4 79.9 最大值采样深度/m 1.55 1.55 9.95 0.35 0.65 9.65 1.55 9.85 最小值采样深度/m 9.15 5.25 0.85 5.65 5.65 0.85 2.15 0.85
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