Late Cenozoic high resolution bio-stratigraphy and its bearing on sea-level fluctuation in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地西部新近系主要为陆架浅海沉积环境，发育良好的海相砂岩储集层和多套储盖组合。因此，对这些砂体的成因及赋存位置的海平面变化研究至关重要。在有孔虫及钙质超微化石资料所建立的珠江口盆地西部新生代年代地层格架基础上，以有孔虫个体大于0.25mm的浮游有孔虫丰度和百分含量为依据，参照微体古生物化石带、岩性、电测和地震资料，总结出三级旋回边界和最大海泛面识别标志，从而提出具有国际对比意义的三级层序划分对比方案，对盆地内18口井进行了层序划分，识别出了2个完整的二级层序和15个三级层序。根据南海海域表层沉积物建立起的浮游有孔虫含量与水深的定量关系，得出量化古水深数据，辅以古生态成因相及特征沉积构造分析、海岸上超分析编制了海平面变化曲线，指出珠江口盆地西部新近系受拗陷阶段持续沉降影响，形成不同于海退型全球海平面变化的台阶式海侵特征。Abstract: The Neogene in the Western Pearl River Mouth Basin is dominated by neritic shelf sediments, in which favorable marine sand reservoirs and multi-sets of reservoir-cap combinations are discovered. Therefore, it is the key to study the sea-level changes which control the origin and position of sand bodies. In order to understand the sea level changes, a chronostratigraphic framework of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin has been set up based on the abundance and percentage of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils (>0.25mm) combined with bio-events and age data, lithological data, logging data and seismic data. Single well analysis of sequence stratigraphy is carried out for the data from eighteen wells. Two 2nd-order sequences and 15 3rd-order sequences are identified. The sea-level change curve was then established in cooperation with the study of the ancient ecological facies and depositional structures as well as the on-lap relationship, recognized on the reflection seismic profile. Paleo-water depth was quantified through comparison of the fossil foraminifera to present species in the western South China Sea, for which the living conditions are known. The Neogene in the western part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin is affected by the continuous subsidence during the depression stage and a stepped transgression sequence is formed, different from the sequences formed in global regressive stages.
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图 1 珠江口盆地钻井和构造位置图
Figure 1. Tectonic map of Pearl River Mouth Basin with drilling sites
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图 2 WCA-9-1d井微体古生物层序及古水深综合解释图
Figure 2. Diagram of micro-biological stratigraphy and deduced water depth for WCA-9-1d
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图 3 北大西洋608(a)与南海ODP1148(b)和西南太平洋588站(d)晚新生代底栖有孔虫氧同位素地层对比(据文献[25])
(a)608站点氧同位素数据及年龄取自文献[8]，Mila，1-7为δ18O变重事件；(b)1148站底栖有孔虫(Cibicidoides. Wuellerstorfi)氧同位素曲线；(c)b图氧同位素经5点平滑曲线，垂直虚线分别为3个δ18O平台段的平均值，NHG代表北半球冰盖；(d)588站氧同位素数据取自文献[7]
Figure 3. Correlation of oxygen isotopic curves of Late Cenozoic benthic foraminifera from North Atlantic station 608(a), South China Sea station ODP1148 (b) and station 588 in the South West Pacific(d)
(a)Oxygen isotope data and age from literature[8], Mila, 1-7 is δ18O Weight change event at station 608; (b)Benthic foraminifera (Cibicidoides. Wuellerstorfi) Oxygen isotope curve at station 1148; (c)Figure b is the oxygen isotope smoothing curve through five points; The vertical dashed lines are the average values of three Delta 18O platform segments, and NHG represents the northern hemisphere ice sheet; (d)Oxygen isotope data from station 588 are collected from literature[7]
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图 4 珠江口盆地层序界面的识别标志(剖面位置见图 1)
(a)T20界面上发育潮汐水道及S型前积体；(b)T40为顶超面，上覆地层上超，下伏发育大型S型前积体；(c)T40界面底部削蚀，上覆地层上超；T20-T40间海侵体系域低频、弱-中连续反射，高位域中频、连续强反射；(d)T60构造削蚀面
Figure 4. Identification characteristics of sequence boundaries in Pearl River Mouth Basin
(a)Tidal channel and s-type foreset are developed at the T20 interface; (b)T40 is the top overpass, the overlying strata are overpass, and large s-type foreset is developed underneath; (c)The bottom of the T40 interface is eroded and the overlying strata are overpass; the low-frequency, weak-medium continuous reflection and high-potential medium-frequency, continuous strong reflection in the transgressive system tract(TST) between T20 and T40; (d)T60 is the tectonic erosion surface
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图 5 珠江口盆地西部珠江组—韩江组海岸上超及海平面变化曲线
Figure 5. The changes in coastal onlap points and the curve of sea level changes for Zhujiang-Hanjiang Formation in The Western Pearl River Mouth Basin
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图 6 珠江口盆地海平面变化曲线与全球海平面变化曲线对比
Figure 6. Sea level changes in the Western Pearl River Mouth Basin and correlation with global standard
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图 7 WCB-6N-2井特征底栖有孔虫分布图
Figure 7. The distribution of characteristic benthic foraminifera in WCB-6N-2 well
表 1 珠江口盆地西部年代地层格架及微体古生物化石标准年代
Table 1 Chronostratigraphic framework of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin with standard age of microfossil
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