STUDY ON NUMERICAL MODELS ABOUT BUBBLE PLUMES IN THE COLD SEEPAGE ACTIVE REGION
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摘要: 羽状流对天然气水合物的识别起到了间接指示作用，为研究冷泉活动区气泡羽状流产生的地震响应，需建立符合实际羽状流特征的模型。为此，参考实际羽状流赋存状态，结合含气泡水体特征，在已建立模型基础上，从羽状流气泡的垂直运移规律、分布特点及羽状流外观特征上对模型进行了改进，先后获得3个羽状流模型，最后的模型Ⅲ更接近实际羽状流赋存特征。通过与实际羽状流的对比，讨论分析了模型Ⅲ的合理性，并得出结论：所建模型体现了实际羽状流气泡的本质特征，并包含了更为复杂的气泡含量变化，可用于进一步深入研究羽状流地震响应特征，也为气泡羽状流的地震识别及天然气水合物的相关研究提供了较好的数值模型。Abstract: Bubble plume is an indirect indicator to gas hydrate. In order to study the seismic responses produced by bubble plumes in a cold seepage active region, a model well marching the characteristics of the actual plume needs to be established. Taking the actual occurrence of the bubble plume as a reference and taking bubble water characteristics into account, we improved the vertical distribution pattern of the plume bubbles and the appearance of plume for established models following the principles of vertical migration law. At last, three models are worked out. Testing shows that the Model Ⅲ is more accurate in presenting the actual occurrence characteristics of the plume rather than the Model Ⅰ and Model Ⅱ. Rational discussion is made by comparing the model with the real plume. And it is concluded that the model established well reflects the essential characteristics of the bubbles in plume, and contains more complex changes in bubble content. Therefore, it can be used to further study the seismic response characteristics of plume, and make it possible to identify bubble plumes for research and evaluation of natural gas hydrate deposits.
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Keywords:
- plume /
- cold seepage /
- gas hydrate /
- numerical simulation /
- migration imaging
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图 1 我国南海某测区羽状流地震偏移剖面
(由中国地质大学(北京)刘学伟教授提供)
Figure 1. The seismic migration section in some areas of the South China Sea
(The data is provided by Professor Liu Xuewei from China University of Geosciences in Beijing)
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图 3 羽状流模型Ⅰ[24]
a.水体模型；b.羽状流
Figure 3. Model Ⅰof plume a.The water body model; b.The plume
a. The water body model; b. The plume
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图 4 鄂霍次克海冷泉气泡羽状流[10]
Figure 4. Cold seepages and bubble plumes discharged from the Okhotsk Sea
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图 5 重构的羽状流模型(模型Ⅱ)[26]
a. 海水及羽状流；b.羽状流
Figure 5. A plume model (Model Ⅱ) was reconstructed a.Seawater and plume; b.The plume
a. Seawater and plume; b. The plume
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图 6 不同倾斜角度的羽状流水体模型
Figure 6. A plume waterbody model (Model Ⅲ) with different angles of inclination
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图 7 模型Ⅲ垂直形状、一个周期的羽状流水体模型
Figure 7. The plume water body model (Model Ⅲ): vertical shape and one cycle
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图 10 挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛气泡羽状流声呐图[37]
(声呐频率为12 kHz，水平分辨率为20 m，底部红色为海底)
Figure 10. Sonar diagram of bubble plume at Svalbard in Norway
(The sonar frequency is 12 kHz, and The horizontal resolution is 20 m, and the seafloor is in red at the bottom of the diagram)
表 1 声速表达式(1)中各参数说明
Table 1 Explanation of parameters in equation (1) of acoustic velocity
参量 参量含义 取值 单位 Cm 气液混合物的声波速度 - m/s K 液体体积模量 2.34×109 N/m3 Kb 气体体积模量 1.4×105 N/m3 ρ 液体密度 1 023 kg/m3 ρb 气体密度 1.29 kg/m3 ω 频率 25 KHz a 气泡半径 - m σ 液体表面张力 0.073 8 N/m3 R 假定含气泡两相混合区
为球形时的半径1.0 m φ 气泡含量(体积分数) - - 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 正演模拟采集参数
Table 2 Acquisition parameters of forward simulation
测线长度/m 深度/m 网格剖分 震源主频/Hz 炮间距/m 总炮数 炮点深度/m 道间距/m 排列长度/m 最小偏移距/m 记录长度/s 采样率/ms 1 000 400 1 m×1 m 140 10 101 0 1 1 000 0 1.6 0.2
下载: 导出CSV
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