GAS SOURCE ANALYSIS FOR GAS HYDRATE IN MULI PERMAFROST AREA OF THE SOUTHERN QILIAN BASIN
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摘要: 南祁连盆地木里冻土区天然气水合物的气体成因或来源存在不同观点，目前还没有统一认识，这直接影响到水合物的资源评价及下一步勘探方向。文章依托前人研究成果及新近钻探木参1井、木参2井及SK-0井资料，对比分析中侏罗统与上三叠统尕勒得寺组两套烃源岩，结合天然气水合物气体组成与碳氢同位素特征进行综合研究，结果表明：南祁连盆地木里冻土区天然气水合物的气体以轻烃为主，具湿气特征，其同位素表现为正碳同位素系列，为有机成因，成气母质主要为腐泥型干酪根的油型气，是热演化程度较低的原油伴生气；少量与微生物成因气有关，与煤层气关系不大。中侏罗统有机质丰度高、类型较好，镜质体反射率Ro在0.48%~1.14%之间，处于生油高峰期，生油过程中原油伴生气为天然气水合物的主要气体来源；上三叠统尕勒得寺组有机质丰度较高、类型较好，但成熟度高，处于生凝析气或裂解气阶段，总体生排烃能力差，从气源对比分析来看对天然气水合物气体来源贡献不大。Abstract: There are hot debates on the gas source of gas hydrate in the Muli permafrost area of the Southern Qilian Basin. The understanding of gas source directly affects the gas hydrate resource evaluation and exploration. Based on the previous research results and the newly acquired data from the Wells of Mucan 1, Mucan 2 and SK-0, the authors have made a comparison of the source rocks in the Middle Jurassic and Upper Triassic Galedesi Formation. Comprehensive studies on gas compositions as well as carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics were also performed. The results show that the gases in the Muli permafrost area of southern Qilian Basin is mainly composed of light hydrocarbon and characterized by wet gases. The isotopic composition of the gas hydrate, which is characterized by positive carbon isotopic series, indicates that the gas is formed by pyrolysis of organic matter and the parent gas is a kind of sapropelic kerogen oil-based gas with low thermal evolution. It is mainly oil associated gas with a small amount of microbial gas and coal-bed methane. The organic matter in the Middle Jurassic is of high abundance and good type, of which the vitrinite reflectivity Ro is between 0.48% and 1.14%, indicating that it is in the peak period of oil generation. The oil associated gas is the main source of the gas hydrate. The organic matter is also abundant and of good type in the Galedesi Formation of Upper Triassic, but the maturity is too high. It remains in the stages of condensate gas or pyrolytic gas, and the total hydrocarbon generation and discharge are poor. As a source of hydrate gas, its contribution is little.
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致谢: 成文过程中得到中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心张君峰教授级高工的指导，在此深表谢意。
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图 1 南祁连盆地构造单元划分及木里冻土区井位地质图
Figure 1. Tectonic division of southern Qilian Basin and geological map showing well locations in Muli permafrost area
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图 3 研究区烃源岩样品热解氢指数与Tmax交会图
Figure 3. The plot of Tmax versus HI of the samples from the study area
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图 4 研究区烃源岩样品有机碳含量(TOC)与生烃潜能(S1+S2)投点
Figure 4. Plot of TOC versus hydrocarbon potential (S1+S2) in source rock of the study area
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图 5 研究区气测显示样品甲烷含量与干燥系数交汇图
Figure 5. The plot of C1 versus drying coefficient of the gas log samples in the study area
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图 6 研究区天然气水合物气体样品油型气成因鉴别图
Figure 6. Genefic identification of hydrocarbon gases from gas hydrate samples in the study are
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图 7 研究区天然气水合物气体样品原油伴生气成因鉴别图
Figure 7. Genefic identification of hydrocarbon gases from gas hydrate samples in the study area
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图 8 研究区含水合物岩心气体的δDC1和δ13C1关系图
Figure 8. The plot of δDC1 versus δ13C1 for the gas hydrate from core samples in the study area
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井名 样品 深度
/m甲烷
/%乙烷
/%丙烷
/%C1/
(C2+C3)DK9 煤层气(J2m) 56 99.4 0.6 0.0 160.4 DK9 煤层气(J2m) 63 99.2 0.7 0.0 132.0 DK9 煤层气(J2m) 81 98.7 1.3 0.0 77.7 DK9 煤层气(J2m) 112 99.6 0.4 0.0 243.6 DK9 煤层气(J2m) 118 99.5 0.5 0.0 209.7 DK9 煤层气(J2m) 586 98.4 1.5 0.1 62.9 DK12 煤层气(J2m) 216 98.1 0.7 0.1 116.1 木参1 煤层气(J2m) 1 149 94.7 4.6 0.5 18.4 木参1 煤层气(J2m) 1 207 97.8 2.1 0.2 43.6 木参1 煤层气(J2m) 1 237 96.3 3.4 0.1 27.1 木参1 煤层气(J2m) 1 281 95.8 4.1 0.2 22.6 木参1 煤层气(J2m) 1 406 97.6 2.3 0.1 40.9 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 234 93.6 6.3 0.0 14.7 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 331 94.5 5.1 0.1 18.2 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 335 94.7 4.8 0.1 19.2 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 338 94.7 4.8 0.1 19.5 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 357 95.1 3.6 0.2 25.5 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 427 98.9 0.6 0.3 105.7 DK11 煤层气(J2m) 434 99.5 0.3 0.1 263.1 DK12 煤层气(J2m) 587 98.5 0.7 0.1 125.4 DK12 煤层气(J2m) 174 99.5 0.1 0.0 518.5 DK10 浅层气(J2m) 50 99.6 0.4 0.0 224.1 DK10 浅层气(J2m) 51 99.6 0.4 0.0 242.6 DK10 浅层气(J2m) 52 99.6 0.4 0.0 230.5 DK10 浅层气(J2m) 53 99.6 0.4 0.0 271.8 木参1 泥页岩气(T3g) 1 678 99.7 0.0 0.0 108 522.6 木参1 泥页岩气(T3g) 1 694 99.7 0.0 0.0 84 346.3 木参1 泥页岩气(T3g) 1 740 99.7 0.0 0.0 165 218.9 木参1 泥页岩气(T3g) 1 769 99.6 0.0 0.0 101 410.4 木参1 泥页岩气(T3g) 1 795 99.6 0.0 0.0 80 339.4 木参1 泥页岩气(T3g) 1 825 99.7 0.0 0.0 99 519.5 DK9 油浸气(J2m) 364 77.7 6.1 11.5 4.4 DK9 油浸气(J3m) 366 74.3 7.1 10.8 4.1 DK9 水合物气(录井) 188 87.5 4.1 7.3 7.7 DK9 水合物气(录井) 192 82.1 10.8 6.3 4.8 DK9 水合物气(录井) 197 83.2 8.2 7.4 5.3 DK9 水合物气(录井) 259 73.6 9.0 12.8 3.4 DK9 水合物气(录井) 271 74.2 8.9 13.0 3.4 DK9 水合物气(录井) 300 81.9 8.5 6.8 5.4 DK12 水合物气(录井) 339 68.1 12.5 12.8 2.7 DK12 水合物气(录井) 558 88.8 4.5 3.3 11.3 DK12 水合物气(录井) 560 87.7 4.8 3.5 10.6 DK8-19 水合物(实验室) 116.0 62.9 8.0 23.7 2.0 DK8-19 水合物(实验室) 120.0 57.3 13.9 20.1 1.7 DK8-19 水合物(实验室) 126.1 64.7 8.8 22.5 2.1 DK8-19 水合物(实验室) 129.2 78.9 7.7 7.6 5.2 DK8-19 水合物(实验室) 143.9 63.6 10.0 21.2 2.0 DK8-19 水合物(实验室) 182.0 65.3 9.2 21.4 2.1 DK10-17 水合物(实验室) 487.3 62.0 14.9 16.9 2.0 DK11-14 水合物(实验室) 293.4 35.8 3.8 12.5 2.2 DK11-14 水合物(实验室) 322.2 61.3 6.8 25.2 1.9 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 202.8 65.8 6.3 2.4 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 203.3 85.3 3.9 7.5 7.5 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 204.8 65.3 5.7 22.0 2.4 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 262.9 62.1 9.4 22.4 2.0 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 295.6 81.4 6.2 10.4 4.9 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 302.5 61.3 8.4 25.3 1.8 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 312.6 64.3 9.8 21.2 2.1 DK12-13 水合物(实验室) 316.9 67.3 9.9 15.7 2.6 DK13-11 水合物(实验室) 267.2 66.4 6.5 21.3 2.4 DK2 水合物(实验室) 149.0 34.9 6.6 21.2 1.3 DK2 水合物(实验室) 253.0 62.6 8.6 22.4 2.0 DK2 水合物(实验室) 266.8 62.5 8.7 20.7 2.1 DK2 水合物(实验室) 336.0 63.0 9.2 21.0 2.1 DK2 水合物(实验室) 363.0 59.0 8.9 19.8 2.1 DK2 水合物(实验室) 372.6 62.5 8.9 21.2 2.1 DK3 水合物(实验室) 142.0 52.2 8.7 16.6 2.1 DK3 水合物(实验室) 395.0 87.0 2.9 0.5 26.0 
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表 2 研究区岩心中天然气水合物分解气的碳氢同位素组成(数据来自文献[15-17])
Table 2 Hydrocarbon isotopic compositions of hydrate gases in the study area[15-17]
井名 井深/m δ13/‰(VPDB) δD/‰(VSMOW) δ13C1/‰ δ13C2/‰ δ13C3/‰ CO2/‰ C1/‰ C2/‰ C3/‰ DK1 134 -50.5 -35.8 -31.9 -18 -262 -240 DK1 143 -39.5 -32.7 -30.8 -18 -266 DK1 143 -47.4 -35 -31.8 -17 -268 -254 DK2 149 -49 -33.4 -31.1 2.3 -227 -236 -198 DK2 253 -48.4 -38.2 -33.8 -24.9 -272 -265 -240 DK2 266.8 -49.3 -38.6 -34.7 -14.8 -285 -276 -247 DK2 336 -48.7 -38.2 -33.9 -27.9 -266 -276 -243 DK2 363 -48.8 -38.3 -33.8 -19.3 -279 -271 -244 DK2 372.6 -48.4 -38.2 -34.1 -18.6 -271 -271 -228 DK3 142 -48.1 -34.1 -30.9 -9.2 -245 -249 -200 DK3 395 -52.6 -30.7 -21.2 16.7 -255 nd nd DK8-19 116 -58.04 -37.88 -34.04 -17.7 -264 -274 -246 DK8-19 120 -53.82 -37.1 -33.67 -20.34 -249 -271 -246 DK8-19 126.1 -52.49 -37.43 -34.15 -20.45 -233 -276 -247 DK8-19 129.2 -50.38 -34.64 -33.86 -25.52 -225 -266 -248 DK8-19 143.9 -52.54 -37.42 -34.32 -18.9 -246 -276 -253 DK8-19 182 -51.67 -37.34 -34.38 -24.38 -237 -274 -252 DK10-17 487.3 -50.54 -32.85 -29.64 -17.28 -235 -228 -179 DK11-14 293.4 -46.6 -34.3 -30.7 -10.2 -234 -274 -228 DK11-14 322.2 -48.35 -35.35 -31.26 -13.05 -232 -267 -215 DK12-13 202.8 -50.5 -32.2 -30 -12.3 -256 -246 -219 DK12-13 204.8 -49.4 -31.7 -29.7 -13.9 -255 -237 -236 DK12-13 262.9 -46.6 -35.5 -31.4 -11 -266 -267 -229 DK12-13 295.6 -45.84 -35.47 -30.87 -15.63 -270 -271 -231 DK12-13 302.5 -47.5 -37.2 -31.9 -13.9 -276 -285 -237 DK12-13 312.6 -47.8 -37.4 -32.3 -12.7 -277 -284 -246 DK12-13 316.9 -46.6 -37.5 -32.5 -9.4 -276 -284 -247 DK13-11 267.2 -52.46 -38.97 -33.63 -12.42 -242 -262 -210
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