陈建文,杨长清,张莉,等. 中国海域前新生代地层分布及其油气勘查方向[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2022,42(1): 1-25. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021101401
引用本文: 陈建文,杨长清,张莉,等. 中国海域前新生代地层分布及其油气勘查方向[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2022,42(1): 1-25. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021101401
CHEN Jianwen,YANG Changqing,ZHANG Li,et al. Distribution of Pre-Cenozoic strata and petroleum prospecting directions in China Seas[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2022,42(1):1-25. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021101401
Citation: CHEN Jianwen,YANG Changqing,ZHANG Li,et al. Distribution of Pre-Cenozoic strata and petroleum prospecting directions in China Seas[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2022,42(1):1-25. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021101401

中国海域前新生代地层分布及其油气勘查方向

Distribution of Pre-Cenozoic strata and petroleum prospecting directions in China Seas

  • 摘要: 经过60年的油气调查与勘探,随着中国近海新生代盆地的勘探程度不断提高,油气发现难度逐渐加大,海洋油气勘探新领域的开拓成为当务之急。近年来的调查与勘探发现,中国海域前新生代盆地残留地层具有如下特征:① 厚度大,一般为4000~6000 m,最大厚度超过9000 m;② 分布广,有渤海、北黄海、南黄海、东海-南海北部和南海南部5大分布区;③ 存在新元古界、下古生界、上古生界、中生界“下部层系”、中生界“中部层系”和中生界“上部层系”6套地层;④ 可划分东海-南海型和渤海-黄海型两类层型结构,前者仅由“单一”的中生代地层组成,后者由新元古界-古生界-中生界“叠合”构成;⑤ 发育下寒武统、下志留统、石炭系、二叠系、侏罗系和白垩系6套烃源岩,其中下寒武统、下志留统和二叠系烃源岩有机质丰度高,侏罗系烃源岩分布最广;⑥ 具有孔隙型、裂缝改造型和风化壳型3类储层,其中,孔隙型储层包括白云岩、礁滩相碳酸盐岩和砂岩储层,裂缝型储层与大型断裂带和挤压构造带伴生,风化壳储层可分前寒武系变质岩和混合花岗岩、古生代碳酸盐岩、中生代火山岩以及花岗岩、中生代碎屑岩4亚类,其物性及分布主要受构造作用、风化淋滤作用和埋藏条件3种因素控制;⑦ 具备“古生古储”、“古生中储”、“古生新储”、“中生中储”、“中生新储”和“上生下储”6类成藏组合。综合分析认为:中国海域前新生界油气前景广阔,南黄海海相中-古生界、东海南部-南海北部海域中生界、新生代富生烃凹陷内的潜山是中国海洋油气下一步勘查方向;北黄海盆地坳陷区的中生界和渤海海域的前新生界“自生自储”油气藏值得重视。

     

    Abstract: After 60 years of oil and gas investigation and exploration, the exploration degree of Cenozoic basins and the difficulty of oil and gas discovery in offshore China has increased, and the development of new fields for offshore oil and gas exploration has become an urgent task. Surveys and explorations in recent years have found that characteristics of the residual strata in the Pre-Cenozoic basins in offshore China could be summarized as follows: ① Huge thickness. The thickness of the Pre-Cenozoic varies in the range of 4000~6000 m with a maximum over 9000 m; ② Wide distribution. Pre-Cenozoic Strata are found in five major areas, i.e. the Bohai Sea, the North Yellow Sea, the South Yellow Sea, the East China Sea–the northern South China Sea and the southern South China Sea from north to south; ③ Six sets of strata, which include the Neoproterozoic, the Lower Paleozoic, the Upper Paleozoic, the Lower Mesozoic, the Middle Mesozoic, and the Upper Mesozoic; ④ Two types of stratigraphic architectures, i.e. the type of East China Sea-South China Sea composed only by the Mesozoic, and the type of Bohai-Yellow Sea superimposed by the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic; ⑤ Six sets of source rocks, which include the Lower Cambrian, the Lower Silurian, the Carboniferous, the Permian, the Jurassic, and the Cretaceous source rocks, among which the Lower Cambrian, the Lower Silurian, and the Permian source rocks have the highest organic matter content, and the Jurassic source rocks distribute the most widely; ⑥ Three kinds of reservoirs, namely the porous reservoirs, the fracture-modified reservoirs, and the weathering crust reservoirs. The porous reservoirs mainly consist of dolomite, reef-bank carbonate, and sandstone, and the fracture-modified reservoirs are often associated with large fault zones and/or compressive structural zones, and the weathering crust reservoirs can be further divided into four sub-types: Precambrian metamorphic rocks and magmatic granite, Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Mesozoic volcanic rocks and granite, and Mesozoic clastic rocks. The physical properties and distribution of reservoirs are mainly controlled by tectonics, weathering and leaching process, and burial conditions; ⑦ Six types of plays from the Paleozoic source to the Paleozoic reservoir, from the Paleozoic source to the Mesozoic reservoir, from the Paleozoic source to the Cenozoic reservoir, from the Mesozoic source to the Mesozoic reservoir, from the Mesozoic source to the Cenozoic reservoir, and from the Cenozoic source to the Pre-Cenozoic reservoirs. In conclusion, the Pre-Cenozoic petroleum has great potential and broad prospects in China Seas. Next exploration targets should be focused on the marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic in the South Yellow Sea, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic in the southern East China Sea and the northern South China Sea, and the buried hills in Cenozoic hydrocarbon-rich depressions. The Mesozoic in the North Yellow Sea and the self-generating source to self-storing reservoirs in the Pre-Cenozoic of the Bohai Sea should be paid attention.

     

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