王淑玲, 白凤龙, 黄文星, 孙张涛. 世界大洋金属矿产资源勘查开发现状及问题[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(3): 160-170. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019032101
引用本文: 王淑玲, 白凤龙, 黄文星, 孙张涛. 世界大洋金属矿产资源勘查开发现状及问题[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(3): 160-170. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019032101
WANG Shuling, BAI Fenglong, HUANG Wenxing, SUN Zhangtao. Current status and problems of exploration and development of world ocean metal mineral resources[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(3): 160-170. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019032101
Citation: WANG Shuling, BAI Fenglong, HUANG Wenxing, SUN Zhangtao. Current status and problems of exploration and development of world ocean metal mineral resources[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(3): 160-170. DOI: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2019032101

世界大洋金属矿产资源勘查开发现状及问题

Current status and problems of exploration and development of world ocean metal mineral resources

  • 摘要: 世界大洋底蕴藏着丰富的金属矿产资源,其所含的锰、钴、镍、稀土等矿产是陆地含量的数十倍乃至数百倍或更高,因此是未来矿产资源的接替区。本文介绍了世界大洋多金属结核、富钴结壳、多金属硫化物及深海稀土等资源现状、分布及潜力,分析总结了21世纪以来国际海底区金属矿产勘查合同现状,并介绍了俄罗斯、巴布亚新几内亚、日本、中国等国家在其专属经济区内进行多金属结核、多金属硫化物开采实验的情况。由于世界大洋金属矿产资源丰富,潜力巨大,其勘查开发日益受到世界各国的重视,国际海底勘探合同不断增加,商业开发提上日程,但国际海底区的金属矿产资源开发仍面临技术、规章、环境等方面的制约和挑战。

     

    Abstract: The world seabed holds abundant metal mineral resources. The minerals on the seafloor such as cobalt, nickel, rare earth, and other minerals, are tens or even hundreds of times higher than those on land. Therefore, they are considered the ideally alternatives for future mineral explorations. This paper introduces the current status, distribution and potential of these resources in the world’s ocean, including polymetallic nodules, Cobalt-rich crusts, polymetallic sulfides and deep-sea REEs. This review analyzes and summarizes the cases of metal mineral exploration contracts in the international subsea area since the 21st century, and discusses the advances in the mining tests of polymetallic nodules and polymetallic sulfides in the Exclusive Economic Zones of Russia, Papua New Guinea, Japan, China and other countries. Considering that the world's ocean metal mineral resources are abundant and have great potential, their exploration and mining are increasingly emphasized by governments all around the world. International seabed exploration contracts have been continuously increased, and commercial exploitation has been put on the agenda, but the mining of metal mineral resources in the international seabed areas still faces many constraints and challenges in terms of technology, regulations and environmental protection.

     

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