Abstract: The critical function of the oceans in the earth system has been increasingly understood. The oceans and seas ocuppy 70.8% of the whole surface of the earth. Furthermore, deep seas and oceans make up 92.8% of the oceans and seas. Therefore, oceanfloor is also a window for understanding many processes of the earth. From the view of geodynamics, dynamic system of oceanfloor can be subdivided into mid-oceanic ridge, deep-sea basin, subductin and mantle subsystems. Many high techniques for exploration and processing in the fields of marine sciences such as marine geology, marine geophysics and marine geochemistry as well as international infrastructures of various scales of ocean observatory networks connecting with many sensors, are employed to reveal, measure, observe and monitor different-scale architectures, structures and processes in different subseafloor tectonic settings and various variables of different geological processes, and transportation, interchange, transition and cycling of materials and energy on different interfaces or between different spheres. These techniques can help scientists understand change of the earth system.